The effect of alternative approaches to design instruction (structural or functional) on students’ mental models of technological design processes

The study aimed to examine the relationship between alternative approaches towards problem solving/design teaching (structural or functional), students’ mental modeling of the design process, and the quality of their solutions to design tasks. The structural approach emphasizes the need for an ordered and systematic learning of the design process stages, while the functional approach emphasizes the teaching and study of design functions (rather than stages). Participants were 80 seventh graders, divided into two groups, who were taught a unit on technological problem solving by either approach in the course of 14 classes (21 h) during a semester. Before, during and after the design process of a technological solution the students represented their perception of the design process. The results for both groups were analyzed in terms of: (a) types of models generated; (b) changes in type of models along the learning/design process; (c) defining characteristics of the design process models. Significant differences between the groups’ models were found for most variables examined. The functional approach was more effective than the traditional structural approach for supporting the construction of holistic, flexible, and effective mental models of the design process of technological solutions.     

基于需求方企业的循环技术扩散机制研究

发展循环经济的关键在于激励循环技术在企业间低成本快速扩散,然而循环技术向中小企业扩散存在不少障碍,为此,政府应通过绿色价格机制和各项政策调节企业绿色利润,以提高中小企业应用循环技术的积极性,此外,政府支持、市场主导下的生态园区的发展在循环技术扩散中也起着重要的作用.     

银行贷款技术创新对中小企业融资的影响——对中小企业保理融资的实证研究

从获取中小企业贷款决策信息的角度,相对于大银行而言,小银行具有在关系型贷款和市场交易型贷款上的动态比较优势。保理等新型交易型贷款技术在缓解国内中小企业融资难方面具有不可替代的重要作用,因此应加以开发与推介。商业银行应加强市场交易型贷款技术的引进与创新,并通过开发适合中小企业的金融产品来解决信息不对称和风险控制问题。     

知识经济下的组织变革与创新

文章将创新作为组织变革研究,提出通过组织的转型,创新主体向工作团队的转移,知识的空间聚集效应、继起创新的扩散和集成,提升创新的经济效益和企业竞争优势。     

Technology transfer and innovation performance: Evidence from Chinese firms

This paper explores the relationship between technology transfer activities and innovation performance with special reference to Chinese industrial firms. It is based on a recent nationwide survey covering 2334 Chinese industrial firms. The impact of technology transfer on their innovative performance was analyzed for all the responded firms and similar analyses also addressed the issue from perspectives of general industrial firms versus high-tech firms, and large firms versus small and medium firms. Several critical types of technology transfer activities were identified and both positive and negative impacts were discussed along with the Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The study revealed that the innovation activities in Chinese manufacturing firms could not be boosted substantially merely through the acquisition of key equipment and apparatus from abroad. The findings also suggested that Chinese firms should develop their technological absorptive capacity and transformative capacity, and foster technology transfer and communications among trading partners. Moreover, it would be crucial for Chinese firms to stress the nurturing of indigenous innovation capabilities so as to sustain their performance improvement.     

信息技术影响企业绩效的机制研究

以解释信息技术的生产率悖论问题为起点,探索信息技术与企业绩效之间的“黑箱”问题。重点考察了信息技术影响企业绩效的内在途径和关联结构。着重通过分析信息技术对企业战略、组织结构、业务流程与组织学习这四条路径的影响,来进一步分析其对企业绩效的间接影响。     

Intellectual property protection related to technology in China

The state of protection for technology in China is widely criticized from the point of view of incompleteness of the legal system as a whole. Much research dwells on the gap between the Chinese legal system and that in industrialized countries or international agreements. In comparison with the developed countries, China lacks core technologies. While holders of such technologies encounter serious problems in China, the Chinese government is not in an enviable position either. Due to the internal impetus and external pressure on China to strengthen protection for technology, China has made a giant stride and made a substantial progress in legislation, enforcement and other areas. However, designing an appropriate system for technology protection is so complex that China will unavoidably face many challenges. The reforms to be carried out in China will be based on the balance between economic and political consideration.     

我国科技评估监督机制与制度

监督是一种持续的职能，贯穿在具体的计划或项目实施的全过程，当需要对计划或项目的影响、结果的可持续性及其能力建设的贡献进行最后裁定时，必须引入评估机制。因此科技评估与监督的职能不能相互替换，而是相辅相成，在科技管理上同等重要。监督使用评估所选择的指标，评估把监督所提供的有关质量和数量上的数据作为基础依据。评估同时也支持监督，把评估中的经验用于概念和方法上的创新，可以精华监督的职能。     

河北省环保产业技术进步途径分析

环保产业被西方发达国家称为“朝阳产业”、“绿色经济”,在我国则被认为是21世纪新的经济增长点。本文以河北省环保产业现状及存在的问题为个案,分析其环保产业的技术特点,并对今后的技术进步途径提出全面发展战略。     

一种3mm波扫描天线

本文介绍了一种3mm波、极化扭转板式的扫描天线,并着重对该天线的主要参数进行了误差分析,最后列出了天线的电性能测试数据。