区域公共卫生服务收敛性研究——基于动态空间面板模型的实证分析

本文在现有财政支出收敛理论和经济增长空间收敛模型基础上,构建了公共卫生服务动态空间收敛理论模型,并采用动态空间面板收敛模型对1997-2006年中国大陆30个省、市、自治区公共卫生服务收敛情况进行了实证检验,结果发现:地区间公共卫生服务并不存在绝对收敛,但是存在条件收敛,差距有所缩小。财政收入的提高、居民收入水平的提高和中央政府转移支付的增加分别从供给、需求和收入效应的角度提高了地区公共卫生服务供给水平。但是,地区间公共卫生服务供给存在显著的空间负效应,降低了地区间公共卫生服务收敛速度,省级政府间未形成趋好竞争,反倒形成了逐底竞争。     

中国大米市场回归均衡速度研究

本文利用持续性时间序列（Persistence profile）方法分粳米和籼米估计了大米市场受到冲击后向均衡收敛的速度，进而分析了中国大米市场的有效性，研究结果表明：对于粳米而言，主产地市场比主销地市场更有效；从总体上看，籼米市场比粳米市场更有效。为缩短市场受到冲击后回到均衡需要的时问，提高中国大米市场的有效性，粳米主销地要储备合理数量的粳米应对市场的突然冲击，要采取多种措施与主产区建立稳定的大米购销关系；国家要加强粮食市场信息化和交通运输建设，提高大米流通效率，加快市场调节速度。     

区域间劳动力迁移对经济增长和地区差距的影响

本文利用一个30区域可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型,根据中国实际劳动力流动规模,并考虑了汇款、外地与本地劳动力工资差异、人口流动滞后于劳动力流动等多种因素,定量分析了区域间劳动力迁移的经济影响。结果显示,区域间劳动力迁移可以有效改善配置效率,提高经济增速缩小地区间生活水平差距,但由于在一国内部资本流动性很强,存在"资本追逐劳动"现象,因此并不能缩小人均GDP的地区差距。虽然劳动力迁移显著提高了输出的人均收入和消费水平,但单纯的劳动力输出并不能缩小同发达地区人均产出的差距。     

中国会计准则与国际财务报告准则趋同程度——资产计价准则的经验检验

本文创新性地修订了Jaccard系数以使其适于全面衡量准则趋同程度,首次在国内区别准则“缺失”和“分歧”两种情况并借助该两种趋同度指标进一步揭示了准则差异的不同成因,进而发现它们与修订Jaccard系数三者之间的逻辑关系;首次使用详细的准则精准对比点,主要以资产计价相关准则为检验对象,分阶段定量考察了1998年以来中国会计准则（CAS）与国际财务报告准则（IFRS）的趋同程度及其变化趋势。研究结果表明,至少在所考察的准则方面,CAS与IFRS之间的趋同程度有了显著提高且在总体上实现了实质性趋同,目前绝大部分准则比较项目已达到高度趋同,但仍在少数领域存在细微差异;从差异的成因来看,一方准则缺乏相关规定所致差异是主因,两套准则规定不同所致差异则居次要地位;鉴于我国现阶段转型经济特征,CAS与IFRS的差异应属适度。     

Portugal–EU Convergence Revisited: Evidence for the Period 1960–2003

This paper uses the stochastic approach to convergence to investigate whether real per capita GDP in Portugal has been converging to the EU15 average. The estimation accounts for conditional convergence, transitional dynamics and up to two structural breaks. It is found that per capita GDP in Portugal has indeed converged to the EU15 average, but the pace of convergence has not been uniform along time. In particular, a slow down in the convergence process is identified in 1974. This result depends, however, as to whether the choice of this break-date is viewed as uncorrelated with the data. No evidence of acceleration in the speed of convergence is found after EC accession, in 1986.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Fifty-Ninth International Atlantic Economic Conference, London, England, March 9–13, 2005. Helpful suggestions from the conference participants and Luis Catela Nunes are acknowledged. The author expresses his gratitude for the financial support of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under research grant POCI/EGE/55423/2004 (partially funded by FEDER).     

Does Trade Openness Affect the Speed of Output Convergence? Some Empirical Evidence

In this paper we develop flexible techniques for measuring the speed of output convergence between countries when such convergence may be of an unknown non-linear form. We then calculate these convergence speeds for various countries, in terms of half-lives, using a time-series data-set for 88 countries. These calculations are based on both nonparametric kernel regression and ‘fuzzy’ regression, and the results are compared with more restrictive estimates based on the assumption of linear convergence. The calculated half-lives are regressed, again in various flexible ways, on cross-section data for the degree of openness to trade. We find evidence that favors the hypothesis that increased trade openness is associated with a faster rate of convergence in output between countries.     

中国经济发展的地区差距与随机收敛检验

研究目标：测度中国经济发展地区差距并识别随机收敛俱乐部。研究方法：基于DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,利用Dagum基尼系数及分解方法测度中国经济发展的空间非均衡程度,并通过面板单位根检验对地区内经济发展收敛俱乐部进行识别。研究发现：中国总体地区差距主要来源于地区间差距,而不同地区间交叉重叠的影响极小。东部地区的河北、江苏、浙江、福建等省份,中部地区的河南、湖北、湖南等省份,西部地区的广西、重庆、四川、贵州等省份,它们的经济发展存在向局部均值随机收敛的趋势。研究创新：基于夜间灯光数据重新审视了中国经济发展的地区差距与随机收敛特征。研究价值：揭示出中国总体地区差距的主要来源,并进一步识别出各地区内经济发展收敛俱乐部。     

从经济学到幸福学

传统的经济学认为,增加财富是增加幸福最主要的方法。但是,研究发现,增加财富并不一定能增加幸福。文章分别从适应性理论、可评价性理论和比较、以及时间模式三个方面给出解释。最后,文章将展望经济学新的发展方向。     

International comparison in historical perspective: Reconstructing the 1934-1936 Benchmark purchasing power parity for Japan, Korea, and Taiwan

This article provides the first expenditure-based estimate of purchasing power parity (PPP) converters for 1934-1936 Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. We match all together 70-80 types of goods and services for private consumption, government expenditure and investment using three levels of weights derived from various expenditure surveys. We find that the 1934-1936 average prices of Korea for private consumption, investment, and government expenditure were about 0.86, 0.89, and 0.98 times that of Japan, respectively; and for Taiwan 0.84, 0.87, and 0.95, respectively. This gives the 1934-1936 Korea and Taiwan overall GDE average price levels of 0.87 and 0.86 that of Japan, respectively. Our new benchmark estimate is an improvement over existing converters based either on exchange rates or the 1990 backward projection method, which is embedded with index number biases. It provides a vital link for a long-term overview of structural change, ethnic income distribution, and the historical convergence for these three economies.     

State of the “life span revolution” between 1980 and 2000

Using data for 163 countries, state of the “life span revolution” over the period 1980–2000 is studied in terms of measures of cross-country inequality and through least-squares and quantile-regression estimation of simple convergence models. Four main points are noted. First, dynamics of the cross-country distribution of life expectancy during these 20 years seem markedly different from those for the preceding decades: instead of the sharp “convergence” noted until the 1980s, there is lack of convergence and an indication of “divergence”. Second, the divergence is particularly marked during the 1990s. Third, spread of HIV/AIDS has probably been a significant factor in generating divergence during the 1990s. Fourth, besides the sizable temporal heterogeneity, quantile-regression estimates of convergence models reveal a substantial heterogeneity across the top and the bottom quartiles within each period.