中国大城市职住分离现象及其特征——以北京市为例

以北京为案例城市,基于2007年对北京市内600户家庭的问卷调查数据,以居住地和就业地之间的直线距离--职住距离(job-housing distance) 为职住分离程度的测度指标,描述了北京市职住分离格局,除社会经济属性外,重点比较了不同居住社区类型、住房产权属性、居住搬迁年份的居民的职住分离程度,以期反映影响居民就业可迭性的制度性和结构性因素.     

To settle or protect? A global analysis of net primary production in parks and urban areas

We test—at the global scale—the hypothesis that human beings tend to build settlements in areas of high biological productivity, and protect (as parks) areas of low productivity. Furthermore, we propose an alternative measure of the extent and effectiveness of the global protected areas network based on potential net primary production (NPP₀). The average NPP₀ in urban areas and parks is calculated and compared to the average NPP₀ of the geopolitical regions and biomes containing these areas. Additionally, human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) in parks is used as an indicator of the effectiveness of these protected areas. We find that in almost all regions of the world, humans have chosen to settle in the most productive areas. At the global scale, urban areas have considerably higher NPP₀ (592 g Cm^− 2 yr^− 1) than the global average (494 g Cm^− 2 yr^− 1), while parks have roughly average NPP₀ (490 g Cm^− 2 yr^− 1). Parks with an IUCN category of I-VI account for 9.5% of the planet's terrestrial NPP₀, compared to 9.6% of its terrestrial area. Although protected area and protected NPP₀ are nearly equal, this equivalence is diminished by HANPP within parks. Globally, the average HANPP in all protected areas is 14% of their NPP₀, and HANPP within parks increases as the park management category becomes less restrictive. Moreover, we find a positive correlation between HANPP in parks and the extent of urbanization in the surrounding region and biome. Area-based targets for conservation provide no information on either the quality of the areas we choose to protect, or the effectiveness of that protection. We conclude that NPP₀ and HANPP may provide an additional, useful tool for assessing the extent and effectiveness of the global protected areas network.     

城市广告环境与专项规划研究

近年来,整治城市户外广告环境已在全国大小城市逐步展开,以规划先行提升城市户外广告科学管理水准已成为共识。然而,作为城市专项规划其内容如何体现规划的科学性和可操作性仍有待于深化研究。本文认为：要改善当前城市户外广告环境,对于规划本身而言,首先要梳理户外广告与城市发展、户外广告与广告经营以及户外广告与城市管理四个关系,其次着力于户外广告设置与城市区域定位、媒体选择、经营与监管以及量化与美化五个方面的研究,这必然涉及到规划内容的深度和具体指导实施的关键所在。     

长株潭郊区农民绿色消费的调查与分析

绿色消费是以自然、和谐、环保以及健康为宗旨,包含多项内容的综合的现代消费模式,也是长株潭城市群构建“两型社会”的必然要求。由于各种因素的制约,长株潭郊区农民的消费习惯和行为方式与绿色消费有一定的距离。在“两型社会”建设的背景下,在长株潭郊区农民中普及绿色消费、树立正确消费观念的条件已经成熟。本文提出了一些普及绿色消费的政策建议。     

农村宅基地使用权地票交易分析

重庆在深化统筹城乡综合配套改革试验中探索的农村宅基地使用权地票交易,不仅巧妙地绕开了农村宅基地不能用于非农建设的法律问题,而且通过激励相容的市场机制,实现了远郊农村宅基地与城镇建设用地之间潜在的供需关系,对于解决我国农村宅基地空王等低效率使用问题、打破城镇发展普遍遭遇的土地资源瓶颈,具有较强的现实意义.但是,交易中的市场机制会促使要素流向城镇、土地向大城市集中的"马太效应",而且还存在价格可操纵、政府无意创租、无法真正释放农村土地资源等问题,政府需要从统筹城乡的高度,对市场作用进行矫正.     

城乡统筹制度的逆向安排及其矫正

城乡协调一体化的发展源于我们的户籍制度、社会保障制度、就业制度、农村土地制度与财税制度的创新与安排。推进城乡经济社会一体化的实质是统筹配置城乡资源,实现各种资源的有效合理流动,破除城乡二元结构的制度设计与安排。现实中的一些制度逆向安排,成为阻碍我国城乡统筹发展的深层次原因,要实现城乡统筹发展,必须打破这一逆向制度安排,实现城乡一体化制度的再选择。     

Regulating consumption with bite: Building a contemporary framework for urban dog management

Australian urban animal management legislation prescribes the conditions for owning and living with dogs. UAM follows from the perceived need to provide community members access to public places without dog aggression or other nuisance behaviors. The literature reveals substantial positive aspects related to dog-keeping (e.g., health, happiness, companionship, the pet economy) that are ignored in the traditional approach to urban animal management. Indeed, a paradox exists with the current approach to UAM, as rules that inhibit dogs exercising and socializing likely contribute to dog-problem behaviors. To resolve this paradox, this article proposes an alternative paradigm for the management of dogs. The paradigm suggests initiating social marketing programs to better manage all of the issues involving urban animal management.     

运用市场机制扩大城市建设资金来源的几点思考

作者根据中国城科会和中国投资学会就城市建设的投融资体制改革和发行市政建设债券的讨论情况 ,阐述了我国城市投资需求继续快速增长的势头 ,筹集建设资金的根本出路以及如何深化改革 ,为按市场运作做准备等三个问题。     

试论城市水资源环境与城市经济增长关系

当前,城市水资源短缺严重阻碍了城市经济的增长,因此,科学合理地分析当前城市水资源短缺的成因,从而采取相应的对策措施,必将有利于城市经济的健康有序发展。     

中国城市住房价格动态特征及其影响因素

本文从理论和实证两个层面分析了1997-2007年中国35个大中城市的房价动态特征,并考察了城市因素对房价动态参数的影响。所得主要结论有:中国城市房价具有强序列相关和弱均值回归特征;住房使用成本、地区市场化指数、土地交易价格指数及其变化对序列相关系数有显著影响;真实收入及其变化、建造成本、地区市场化指数对均值回归系数有显著影响;各城市的房价动态参数拟合值几乎全部落入震荡收敛区内,东部城市房价的波动振幅普遍高于中西部城市;1999年后35个大中城市的平均房价波动振幅有逐渐增大的趋势,尤其是2007年的房价波动振幅出现了非正常增长,但波动频率变化幅度不大。