人力资本培养与经济增长:来自中国的证据检验

利用1952～2009年时间序列数据,实证分析了中国人力资本培养与经济增长之间的关系。根据单位根检验、协整检验以及VAR模型估计等经验分析,结果发现,中国经济增长与人力资本培养各自的独立性较强,转变经济增长模式需要人力资本培养的密切配合。当期人均实际GDP增长率提高1%的话,下期人力资本增长率会降低2.26%,即人均实际GDP增长速度的波动对人力资本增量的变化有明显作用。政策上看,应早日建立市场主导式人力资本培养模式,增加人力资本培养主体的灵活性,从而更好地满足经济增长对要素投入的需求。     

美元、石油和金属价格——基于VAR模型的实证研究

近年来,美元贬值以及石油价格上涨一直被认为是造成有色金属价格上涨的两个可能的原因。在这一背景下,笔者采用VAR模型分析了美元价值和石油价格变化对我国铜、黄金、白银等金属价格的冲击影响,以及在此冲击下三种金属价格间的相互影响关系。结果表明:美元价值以及黄金和白银二者之间的相互影响关系在很大程度上决定了我国黄金和白银的价格行为;而美元、石油、黄金以及白银价格的变化对于我国铜金属价格的冲击尽管是显著的,但是四者均不是铜金属价格上涨的主要原因。     

能源消费与广东经济增长的动态特征研究

能源消费与经济增长密切相关。本文运用基于向量自回归模型、脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,对广东省1985～2008年能源消费与经济增长两者之间的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明,广东省经济增长对能源消费具有较强的依赖性,经济增长对能源消费贡献率较低。     

Are some taxes different than others? An empirical investigation of the effects of tax policy in Canada

This paper investigates the response of major macroeconomic variables to four different types of tax policy innovations in Canada within a VAR framework. The positive tax multipliers documented in the previous literature are found only for corporate tax innovations. Our results indicate that different taxes affect output differently, and imply that the composition of total taxes may be a major factor behind cross-country variation in the sign and magnitude of total tax multipliers.

Beggar thy Neighbor? The Transmission of Fiscal Shocks from the US to Canada

This paper investigates how innovations in income taxes and government expenditures originating in the US affect the US economy, and how these effects are transmitted to the Canadian economy. Using a semi-structural VAR model and data for both countries for the 1961:1–2004:3 period, we find that fiscal policy innovations originating in the US are transmitted to the Canadian economy by international trade and capital flows through interest rate and exchange rate channels. Unanticipated shocks to US government expenditures have beggar thy neighbor effects on Canada. US output increases and Canadian output decreases in response to a positive shock to US government expenditures. In response to an unanticipated increase in US income taxes, US output declines while US and Canadian real interest rates rise. The response of Canadian output, however, is not significantly different from zero.

Automatic leading indicators versus macroeconometric structural models: A comparison of inflation and GDP growth forecasting

This paper compares the forecast performance of automatic leading indicators (ALIs) and macroeconometric structural models (MESMs) commonly used by non-academic macroeconomists. Inflation and GDP growth form the forecast objects for comparison, using data from China, Indonesia and the Philippines. ALIs are found to outperform MESMs for one-period-ahead forecasts, but this superiority disappears as the forecast horizon increases. It is also found that ALIs involve greater uncertainty in choosing indicators, mixing data frequencies and utilizing unrestricted VARs. Two ways of reducing the uncertainty are explored: (i) give theory priority in choosing indicators, and include theory-based disequilibrium shocks in the indicator sets; and (ii) reduce the VARs by means of the general-to-specific modeling procedure.     

中国货币政策效果区域不对称性探讨

探讨中国货币政策效果的区域差异对于研究完善货币政策传导机制具有较强的实践意义。文章通过数据的聚类分析和模型设计对中国货币政策效果的区域差异进行了实证分析,结果显示东部地区的传导效果最为显著。对此文章阐述了地区差异的形成原因,并提出了相应的治理方法。     

基于VAR 的我国预期通货膨胀率的估计问题研究

在当前影响物价变动的因素愈加广泛和复杂的背景下,如何准确把握未来通货膨胀预期走势进而有效调控通货膨胀至关重要。本文首先通过建立附加前瞻性政策变量的 VAR 预期模型, 根据 2002 年第一季度至 2014 年第三季度的通货膨胀率、实际利率和产出偏差的实际值与预期目 标值的偏差值季度数据,采用卡尔曼滤波递归算法得出我国的通货膨胀预期的估计结果。随后基 于理性预期理论对初步估计结果进行检验。研究结果表明,采用前三个月实际利率、实际通货膨 胀率的算术平均作为下期中国人民银行调控目标的预期值是较为符合我国情况的选择。     

FDI对区域经济增长、就业影响研究——基于丝绸之路经济带我国西北段省区

本文基于丝绸之路经济带我国西北段区域1985～2014年的时间序列数据,采用VAR模型分析FDI 、经济增长与就业三者之间的动态关系。结果表明：FDI是经济增长和就业的格兰杰原因, 但经济增长不是FDI的格兰杰原因;FDI对经济增长有明显的促进作用,对就业的促进作用不 明显,经济增长未明显带动FDI流入。丝绸之路经济带我国西北段区域应牢牢抓住“丝绸之 路经济带”战略机遇,因地制宜地制定符合科学发展的引资策略,优化投资环境以吸引跨国 公司进驻该区域,并鼓励企业加大对研发、设计等价值链高端的投资。     

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF GVAR MODELLING

The Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) approach has proven to be a very useful approach to analyse interactions in the global macroeconomy and other data networks where both the cross‐section and the time dimensions are large. This paper surveys the latest developments in the GVAR modelling, examining both the theoretical foundations of the approach and its numerous empirical applications. We provide a synthesis of existing literature and highlight areas for future research.