Estimation of traffic accident costs: a prompted model

Traffic accidents are the reason for 25% of unnatural deaths in Iran. The main objective of this study is to find a simple model for the estimation of economic costs especially in Islamic countries (like Iran) in a straightforward manner. The model can show the magnitude of traffic accident costs with monetary equivalent. Data were collected from different sources that included traffic police records, insurance companies and hospitals. The conceptual framework, in our study, was based on the method of Ayati. He used this method for the estimation of economic costs in Iran. We promoted his method via minimum variables. Our final model has only three available variables which can be taken from insurance companies and police records. The running model showed that the traffic accident costs were US$2.2 million in 2007 for our case study route.     

Evaluating performance of a Lead Road Safety Agency (LRSA) in a low-income country: a case study from Pakistan

The World Health Organization recommends identifying a Lead Road Safety Agency (LRSA) within the government to coordinate preventive interventions. As LRSAs in developing countries have rarely been evaluated, this case study describes the performance of the LRSA of Pakistan with respect to the World Bank criteria. The designated LRSA, the National Road Safety Secretariat, was put into operation in 2006 and worked for about two years with World Bank funding. The agency had a stand-alone structure headed by an experienced road safety specialist during the first year only and faced difficulty in recruiting other required experts. The LRSA drafted the first National Road Safety Plan, including strategic review of road safety and existing legislation, articulated multisectorial collaboration nationally and provincially, and collected traffic injury data in some districts. Its progress was halted by its dissolution because of funding problems. Currently, two agencies specialising in traffic enforcement and transport research respectively are fulfilling LRSA functions on an ad-hoc basis. Results suggest that sustainability and consistency of LRSAs in developing countries like Pakistan may only be ensured if they are legally protected, inter-ministerial, have permanent funding and are provided with the required expertise through international cooperation, so they can perform their required functions effectively.     

污染事故的经济损失评估:以松花江污染事件为例

污染事故的经济损失评估是环境核算的重点和难点。论文以松花江污染事件为例,对事件进行了系统分析,构建了损失评估指标体系,然后按直接经济损失和间接经济损失计算了污染事件的经济损失值,并对结果的不确定性进行了讨论,最后给出了改进方向。     

提升十月采油厂井下作业质量的几点思考

分析了十月采油厂井下作业中高发事故的主要原因有管柱与工具断脱、卡钻及遇阻、注灰失败、井下工具失效等,通过对这些事故原因的分析与经验总结,并通过建立示范队、完善技术规范、加强对设备工具的管理以及加强对重点环节的控制等手段,不断提升井下作业的质量。通过培训,提高示范队人员的技能储备与操作水平,减少了事故发生率。将示范队取得的经验移植到其他队伍中,逐步提高整个修井队伍水平。     

我国旅游强制保险立法评述

中国旅游强制保险立法分为旅游意外保险和旅行社责任保险两个发展阶段.在这一发展过程中,对旅游强制保险究竟在多大程度上能够规避旅游风险,理论界和实务界始终存在疑问.本文从旅游意外保险制度、旅行社责任保险制度的具体规定出发,论述旅游强制保险制度在立法上存在的问题及问题的成因,并探讨该项制度的发展思路.     

浅谈建筑施工中伤亡事故的产生原因及对策

从总体上来看,近几年建设工程中的安全形势有所改善,但情况仍然比较严峻,事故发生率仅次于采矿业。如何从各类事故中找出原因,吸取教训,并加以改善,是当前建筑行业安全管理工作的重中之重。     

某新建炼油厂放空气管线试压膨胀节损坏事故分析

膨胀节之所以能够在许多行业中得到广泛应用,除具有良好的补偿能力之外,高可靠性是主要原因。其可靠性是通过设计、制造、安装、运行管理等多个环节来保证的,任何一个环节的失控都会导致膨胀节损坏事故的发生。本文通过一次事故案例分析膨胀节损坏事故的可能原因。     

论EDI合同通讯失误的法律责任问题

电子数据交换（EDI）作为一种新型的国际贸易方式，是国际经济贸易不断深化与科学技术飞速发展相互结合的产物。自20世纪60年代EDI诞生以来，由于其具有交易成本低、传输速度快、经济效益高等明显优势，得到了世界各国的广泛认可和普遍应用，在国际贸易中的地位日益显著。与此同时．由于受技术发展水平的限制，不可避免地会出现通讯失误，如信息发送延误、应该发出的信息没有发出或者发出的信息出现错误、遭到破坏等等。本文拟就国际贸易中EDI合同通讯失误的法律责任问题予以探讨，以期早日完善我国的EDI合同立法。     

断桩的事故分析和处理方法

桩基事故多因机械、钻孔、技术管理等因素造成,而操作不当是造成事故的重要因素。文章主要分析了钻孔灌注各种桩断桩事故产生的原因,提出了断桩事故的预防措施和处理方法,强调在事故的预防重点抓好管理工作。     

钻探施工常遇事故及其处理方法

在钻探施工中,由于种种原因常发生孔内事故,不仅影响钻探进尺,还造成不必要的人力、物力的浪费,因此施工中要以预防为主,一旦发生事故,要尽快积极处理。尽管钻孔孔内情况各异,岩层条件多样,孔内事故的种类繁杂,处理方法各不相同,为此,经过我们研究讨论,最后拿出相应的改革方案,目前这些问题已经大部分得到解决。