我国乡村生态旅游发展中的政府行为研究

乡村生态旅游作为一种新的旅游业态,在乡村旅游中注重生态环境与产业的可持续发展,对农民增收与农村环境保护有重要的促进作用。但目前国内大部分地区对于乡村生态旅游,从概念上到操作上仍然是十分模糊的,这在很大程度上限制了政府对旅游项目有效管理。文章研究认为,乡村生态旅游具有一定公共物品属性,完全依靠市场调节是远远不够的,在不同地区和不同阶段都需要政府介入,但政府行为应当结合具体阶段特征采取适宜策略。政府应通过乡村旅游试点项目的实施,对其有效性、效率、影响和可持续性进行科学的监测和评价;将能力建设同具体的项目操作有机地结合起来,促进乡村生态旅游项目实施效果和效率的提高;应尽量减少行政干预,通过经济宏观调控,强化规划引领、市场监管和公共服务提供。总之,在乡村生态旅游发展中,政府应该有所为有所不为,扮演好主导、扶持与服务的角色。     

The Antecedents and Consequences of Travelers' Need for Uniqueness: An Empirical Study of Restaurant Experiences

Dining out at a restaurant is one of the most important parts of travelers' tourism experience. The purpose of this research was to examine the antecedents and consequences of travelers' need for uniqueness (CNFU) in their restaurant experiences. Based on a literature review, three theoretical antecedents (perceived firm innovativeness (PFI), perceived firm uniqueness, and brand prestige) and three theoretical consequences (utilitarian value, hedonic value, and behavioral intentions) were proposed. During this process, it was theorized that consumers' uniqueness-seeking behaviors can be strengthened and/or weakened by three psychological moderators: attention to social comparison information (ATSCI), face consciousness, and materialism. By integrating the theoretical arguments, a structural model was proposed. The proposed model was tested using data collected from 379 travelers who had dined out at a luxury restaurant in the past three months. According to the data analysis results, PFI, perceived firm uniqueness, and brand prestige were all confirmed to be important factors in enhancing CNFU. Furthermore, it was determined that CNFU bears a positive impact on behavioral intentions, an impact that is mediated by perceived value. Lastly, the moderating roles of ATSCI and materialism were found to be significant. In the latter part of this research, managerial implications derived from the data analysis results are discussed.     

The Use of Different Endorser Types in Advertising: A Content Analysis of Magazine Advertisements

Most of the literature assumes that endorsements, particularly by celebrities, are a frequently used advertising strategy. However, no study has yet investigated the use of the different endorser types identified by academic literature. This study seeks to close this research gap by analyzing German print advertisements. It finds that endorsement strategy in general is used much less than academic literature assumes, and that the relative significance of the different endorser types is incongruent to expectations. Moreover, the data suggest that, contrary to the literature's assumptions, credibility is not the most important underlying construct for endorsement advertisements, the endorser type used is frequently determined by the product category that is being advertised, and campaigns based on authenticity and similarity are gaining considerable importance in advertising practice.     

整合营销战略下的我国玩具企业自主品牌建设

我国虽是玩具制造大国,但玩具产业一直处于世界玩具产业价值链的最薄弱环节。加快推进玩具企业自主品牌建设是我国玩具产业的当务之急。应实施整合营销战略,打造企业整体形象和品牌形象,全面提升品牌附加值,并实施与相关产业的战略联盟,推动我国玩具产业规模化、现代化。     

关于旅游商品包装设计的思考

旅游购物是提高旅游收入的重要增长点,成功的包装设计可以极大地提高旅游商品的附加值。然而,包装意识淡薄或包装策略不当的情况依然存在,如何提升旅游商品包装设计,已成为旅游商品业者思考的要务。     

基于解释结构模型的茶叶品牌发展策略——以陕西汉中茶产业为例

以解释结构模型为工具,结合具体案例,总结了影响茶叶品牌发展的因素,如企业经营模式、市场信息、企业广告促销、政府的宣传引导、目标市场和市场定位、旅游资源开发、茶叶品质、地区性标准、茶叶物流体系、农业种植规范性、茶叶加工技术、良种推广等。分析了其相互影响关系,建立茶叶品牌发展的解释结构模型。并以此为基础,探索了改变茶叶企业的经营模式、健全现代物流体系、建立有效的市场信息平台和信息系统、建立地区性标准、建设政府平台等茶叶品牌发展的策略性问题。     

机构投资者建仓行为导致的套利限制研究

有效市场假说是否成立与套利有密切的关系,因此套利是否受到限制成为对众多“异象”争论的焦点。股票市场上的套利者往往是机构投资者,通过分析机构投资者建仓行为的前提、客观原因、主观原因,说明建仓行为对股票套利的影响。需要建立巨大头寸是机构投资者建仓的前提条件,而建仓的主观原因来源于股票套利风险巨大,客观原因来自于股市特殊结构带来的流动性（成交量）风险。套利者（机构投资者）的建仓行为将所需要的头寸拆散,逐步交易,产生对套利的限制。     

试议我国零售商自有品牌的开发

开发零售商自有品牌是零售商取得市场经营的主动权,增强市场竞争能力,更好地满足消费者多样化需求的有效途径之一,是零售商实施品牌战略的重要手段。在开发自有品牌过程中零售商具有多种优势,也存在一定的困难,但它已成为商品品牌发展的重要趋势。     

降低成本增效益 提高市场竞争力——广西贵港甘化股份有限公司深化企业改革整顿的启示

利用降低成本来增加效益 ,以提高市场竞争力 ,是贵港甘化股份有限公司的成功启示。其做法 :实行成本否决 ,强化成本管理 ;加强购销成本管理 ;因事设岗 ,精简机构 ,减员增效 ;向科技要效益 ,进一步降低成本 ;创名牌上质量 ,提高市场竞争力。     

论旅游专业教学改革中的观念更新

旅游专业教学改革应处理好与外部环境的互动关系, 新时期高等教育所进行的市场化、产业化改革为旅游专业的教改工作提供了全新的发展思路。应树立市场观念、竞争观念和品牌观念,通过创立旅游专业特色,培养社会适用人才以及市场化的运作模式,促进旅游高等教育的良性发展。