疲劳驾驶研究进展综述

疲劳驾驶是世界性研究难题,目前已发展为国内交通安全研究热点之一,基于对疲劳驾驶相关专利、文献检索分析,得到国内外疲劳驾驶研究现状、研究热点与发展领域;然后对疲劳驾驶识别、疲劳驾驶预警,以及疲劳驾驶消除与控制三大核心技术的发展现状进行综述,指出疲劳驾驶发展方向。     

公路施工安全事故诱因与预警管理的探讨

在公路工程的具体施工过程中,往往会发生很多事故,通过大量的事故案例分析,将事故进行了特点上的总结,总体来讲,受到几方面因素的影响。这些方面的因素将会增加施工难度,或者引发施工操作的失误。本文通过对安全事故进行了全面系统分析,针对事故发生的诱因进行了总结分析,并针对安全事故的预警管理进行了全面系统的探讨。     

Strategic Explanations for the Early Adoption of ISO 14001

There are two different, and somewhat competing, strategic explanations for why firms certify for ISO 14001. On the one hand, firms may seek to reinforce their present strategies thereby further enhancing their competitive advantage. On the other hand, firms may use ISO 14001 as a mechanism to reorient their strategies, so that a clear signal is sent about the firm's change in strategic positioning. This paper aims to identify the most likely explanation for early adopters of ISO 14001.Using a matched pair design, we test these alternative explanations on a sample of US firms that certified for ISO 14001 in the first two years after its introduction. In particular, we tested whether ISO 14001 was used to reinforce or reorient firm strategies in respect to the natural environment, corporate social responsibility, quality, and internationalization.We found that firms that certified early for ISO 14001 had considerable environmental legitimacy and a strong international presence. We also found that the firm's commitment to corporate social responsibility and quality were not significantly different between certified and non-certified firms. These findings suggest that early adopters of ISO 14001 leaned towards reinforcing rather than reorienting their firm strategy, which calls into question the ultimate reach of ISO 14001.     

温州小微企业景气与预警体系建立与实证分析

文章通过对温州市近千家小微企业的问卷调查,运用层次分析法构建了包括市场信心、市场、经营成本、融资、创新、投资的小微企业景气指标体系,为各指标赋予权重,建立了温州小微企业景气指数模型,分别计算出2012年、2013年度温州小微企业景气指数。并通过建立预警体系以灯号形式展示11个行业的景气状况,为温州小微企业的发展提出科学合理的建议。     

我国高校财务管理问题与对策研究

进入21世纪以来,随着高等教育改革的不断深入,我国高校办学规模逐步扩大,办学条件得到明显改善,随之而来的是对教育经费需求的大量增加。而国家财政对教育拨款有限,高校只能以银行贷款来弥补教学经费的不足,这导致债务利息成为高校的沉重负担,高校财务风险管理的是否有效已经严重影响高校发展。     

中国共产党领导下的早期审计制度（1921—1927年）：动因分析、路径选择与经验启示

中国共产党对审计制度的早期探索,在内因上是基于马克思主义政党本质属性驱动下的必然选择,具有丰富的理论基础和清晰的理论发展脉络;在外因上受到当时政治经济环境的深刻影响,特别是经济环境的差异直接推动了审计制度探索路径的多元化。这一时期,审计制度探索形成了一定的历史经验和规律性认识：在目标定位上,审计始终坚持党的集中统一领导,紧紧围绕党的中心任务开展经济监督;在运行机制上,较早形成了审计独立和审计公开理念,探索审计机构与财政机构分离设置,在一定范围内公开审计结果;在作用功能上,较早发挥了审计反腐功能,有意识地通过审计监督揭示重大贪腐案件;在方式方法上,以账目检查为主,并出现了事前预算审核、事后收支账目检查、集中清查彻查、定期报送检查等多种审计方法。     

大庆油田高危风险井识别和管控

大庆油田油田不同区块发育的异常高压区、易漏区、浅气和溶解气等,增加了井下作业各类施工的难度和风险。借助于大庆油田高危区域风险预警系统的支持,对油田施工井进行高危区域和高危井的梳理和排查,建立有效的高危井安全施工管理和保障体系,对高危施工井实施升级管理,强化高危井现场施工的组织、监督和管理,有效降低异常井发生率,节约了企业安全费用和管理成本,实现了规模化和常态化施工,现场应用效果显著。     

Some microfoundations of Austrian economics: Böhm-Bawerk's version

This paper investigates Böohm-Bawerk's version of Austrian microeconomics. It draws some comparisons with Carl Menger's programmatic work on the principles of economic theory which originally established a distinctive Austrian tradition. Böhm-Bawerk's microeconomics is also considered against the background of contemporary Walrasian, Edgeworthian and Marshallian thought as well as twentieth-century work on the theory of games. Böhm-Bawerk offers a theory of micro-structural dynamics. His emphasis on intentionality and imagination in value creation, the scope for bargaining and strategic behaviour in his theory of markets and the avowed indeterminacies and equilibrating tendencies in his theory of price formation, are all consistent with other first-generation Austraian contributions. There is nothing especially Walrasian or Marshallian about Böhm-Bawer's. microeconomics     

提前退休行为的影响与扼制

首先论述了提前退休的负面影响，认为提前退休现象的蔓延给养老保险制度的运行带来了很大的冲击，加大了社会劳动力供大于求的矛盾，增加了就业困难，引发新的社会矛盾，所以必须坚决扼制；然后分析了引发提前退休的制度原因，并在此基础上提出了建立科学的养老金给付机制，建立垂直的社会保险经营管理机构等政策性建议。     

Application of early risk detection concepts and methods to environmental health. A German feasibility study

Early risk detection is essential for being able to address the most important environmental health risk‐topics in a persistent and prospective manner. In support of the action programme “Environment and Health” (APUG) of the German Federal Ministry of Health and Social Security (BMGS) and the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, and Nuclear Safety (BMU) which recommended that a detection and evaluation system for the timely recognition of emerging risk problems be developed, a qualitative feasibility study was commissioned. The results of this study are presented here and support the development of an early risk detection system based on the insights gained from the investigation of case studies and the differentiation and presentation of a risk typology, methods, tools, and suggested organizational processes.

The study has shown that early risk detection includes the identification, characterization, evaluation and dissemination of information on possible risks as well as the circumstances of appearance and distribution. The goal is the recognition of possible risks in order for risk management to be able to introduce swift and appropriate measures. Consequently, it can also serve as an instrument towards further development of a balanced and structured implementation of the precautionary principle in the environmental health policy.