经济发达地区土地资源利用战略的几点思考

研究目的:提出经济发达地区土地资源利用战略的几点思考,为保障区域土地资源安全和经济社会持续、健康发展提供政策建议。研究方法:实证调研法。研究结果:(1)经济发达地区面临着世界范围的产业转型与转移的重大机遇,也面临着发展用地紧缺的挑战,应从产业选择着手,尽可能降低土地资源的高成本投入。同时,强化优化发展,寻求新的发展模式;(2)经济发达地区优质耕地剧减,加强对现有优质耕地的保护成为土地利用战略抉择的重要方向;(3)为保障土地生态安全,建议利用生态指标进行土地资源宏观调控,以此提高建设用地利用效率和控制区域建设用地总量;(4)改革土地管理的体制、机制以及财税制度,构建地方政府保护耕地、高效利用建设用地的长效机制。研究结论:优化产业结构、提高土地利用效率、加大优质耕地保护力度、促进土地生态建设、加快土地管理体制机制改革是未来经济发达地区土地资源利用的战略重点。     

民族地区的矿产资源开发利用

民族地区的矿产资源开发多是当地经济的支柱产业,民族地区一般矿产资源丰富,但矿产资源开发利用的水平相对较低,资源优势没能很好地转化为经济优势。国家应在政策上对民族地区开发利用矿产资源予以扶持,加大民族地区矿产勘查投入,搞好先进技术和管理经验的输入,促进民族地区的矿产资源整合。     

高职文秘专业关键能力分解与学习领域构建

高职文秘专业关键能力包括沟通与协调能力、处理办公室日常事务能力、策划和组织商务活动和会议能力、围绕单位中心工作写出不同种类文书能力，其核心在于写做合一。这些关键能力可分解为商务文书写作、文书事务处理、活动策划与实施三大学习领域，进而形成具体的专业核心课程，达到培养高端技能型秘书人才的目的。     

Gains from horizontal collaboration among ski areas

Ski areas are known to expand by linking their lifts to neighbouring systems. Based on data from approximately 250 winter sport destinations in Austria, pooled over the years 1998–2014, this study explores the effects of such horizontal collaboration on the number of overnights stays in the area. A difference-in-differences (DID) approach combined with propensity score matching shows that new lift-linkages or expansions lead to a consolidation in the number of overnight stays at a level 12 per cent higher than before the introduction of the lift-link. However, there is a certain degree of heterogeneity in the causal effects. Satellite ski areas, remote villages and those who combine lift-linking with new connecting slopes benefit the most. More recent lift-linkages seem to lead to smaller gains than those established in the early years.     

开发长春汽车产业主体功能区的财政政策建议

财政政策对推进主体功能区建设具有重要作用,可以引导资源要素合理流动,促进经济快速发展,推进基本公共服务均等化。长春汽车产业区应作为主体功能区的重点开发区,财政政策要具体地为重点开发汽车产业区提供支持和服务。     

Do tourists disperse weed seed? A global review of unintentional human-mediated terrestrial seed dispersal on clothing,vehicles and horses

Human-mediated seed dispersal is recognised as an important, but under-researched, issue. To assess the potential for tourists to act as unintentional seed dispersal agents, we reviewed published and unpublished data on seed dispersal via clothing, vehicles (cars) and in/on horses and donkeys, all of which can be used by tourists. Seeds from 754 species of terrestrial plants have been collected from these vectors, 15% of which are internationally recognised environmental weeds. Seeds were collected from personal clothing and equipment (228 species), the fur of donkeys and horses (42 species), horse dung (216 species) and vehicles (505 species). Most were herbs (429 species) or graminoids (237 species) and native to Europe. Annual Poa, White Clover, Kentucky Bluegrass and Yorkshire Fog were the most frequent species. There have been eight studies specifically on tourists, which identified 12 species on clothing, 26 on vehicles and 133 from horse dung. Methods that minimise the risk of tourists as human-mediated dispersal agents may therefore be appropriate for some tourism activities/destinations: suggestions are made. Further sampling using standardised experimental techniques is required to assess the relative risk associated with specific tourist activities and locations and determine which, and how much, seed is transported.     

Computer Simulation as a Tool for Planning and Management of Visitor Use in Protected Natural Areas

The United Nations Environment Programme’s Principles on Implementation of Sustainable Tourism suggest that implementing sustainable tourism must include monitoring visitor use of protected natural areas and directing it to areas where the environmental and social impacts of tourism are minimised. Thus, sustainable tourism management requires information about the spatial and temporal flow of visitor use in protected natural areas to help identify potential tourism-related threats to the natural and cultural resources of an area and the quality of visitors’ experiences. Recent research has identified at least four ways in which simulation modelling of visitor use can facilitate more informed planning and management of sustainable tourism in protected natural areas, including (1) describing existing visitor use flows; (2) monitoring the condition of ‘hard to measure’ indicator variables; (3) testing the effectiveness of alternative visitor use management practices; and (4) guiding the design of research on public attitudes. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, using findings from studies conducted in the Inyo National Forest and Isle Royale National Park, USA, each of these four potential contributions of computer simulation to sustainable tourism management and planning. The paper concludes with an assessment of the limitations of existing applications of computer simulation to nature-based tourism and recommendations for future research.     

城乡基本公共物品均衡配置的可行性分析

城乡基本公共物品供给均衡配置是实现城乡协调、缩小城乡差距的特定途径。我国城乡基本公共物品配置制度在新时期的改革与建设中尽管已经取得了很大成就,但农村公共物品供给还相对落后,城乡基本公共物品配置呈现出严重的非均衡性。经过30年的改革开放,我国已由生存型阶段进入发展型的新阶段,综合国力的提高、工业化发展阶段的变化以及党和政府治理理念的转变,使城乡基本公共物品均衡配置具有现实可行性。     

网络视角下中国各地区创新过程效率研究:基于我国八大经济区的比较

创新效率问题是学术界关注的焦点.本文从解剖创新过程中的要素流动机理出发,揭示了创新过程的网络化特征,并通过构建网络DEA模型,测算了创新过程整体效率、"创新资源转换"效率与"创新知识转化"效率.以我国八大经济区为研究对象发现:"创新资源转换"与"创新知识转化"效率的主要影响因素不同,前者受到R&D人员区域分布结构影响,后者受到各地区经济发展水平差异的影响;区域创新过程整体效率与"创新知识转化"效率高度相关;区域创新整体效率与"创新知识转化"效率在样本期间稳步上升;整体效率与"创新知识转化"效率出现地区追赶的收敛现象,"创新资源转换"阶段是整体效率发散的隐患.     

Revisiting the theory of optimum currency areas: Is the CFA franc zone sustainable?

This paper aims at explaining why the CFA countries have successfully maintained a currency union for several decades, despite failing to meet many of optimum currency area criteria. We suggest that the CFA zone, while not optimal, has been at least sustainable. We test this sustainability hypothesis by relying on the Behavioral Equilibrium Exchange Rate (BEER) approach. In particular, we assess and compare the convergence process of real exchange rates towards equilibrium for the CFA zone countries and a sample of other sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Our findings evidence that internal and external balances have been fostered and adjustments facilitated in the CFA zone as a whole—compared to other SSA countries—as well as in each of its member countries.