Method in Experiment: Rhetoric and Reality

The methodological ideal of experimentalists, E, is easily stated: derive a testable hypothesis, H, from a well-specified theory, T; implement experiments with a design; implicitly in the latter are auxiliary hypotheses, A, that surface in the review/discussion of completed research reports (payoffs are 'adequate,' Ss are 'relevant,' instructions, context are 'clear,' etc.). We want to be able to conclude, if statistical test outcomes support not-H, that T is 'falsified.' But this is not what we do; rather we ask if there is a flaw in the test, i.e. not-A is supported, and we do more experiments. This is good practice—much better than the statistical rhetoric of falsificationism. Undesigned social processes allow E to accumulate technical and instrumental knowledge that drive the reduction of experimental error and constitute a more coherent methodology than falsificationism.     

深圳市市政公园游客行为调查与分析

深圳市市政公园免费对外开放,其优美的环境和完善的设施已成为市民和外来务工人员休闲娱乐的好去处。文章对市政公园游客的结构、游园目的、交通方式、逗留时间、游园频率、消费情况及游客对公园清洁生产活动进行了具体调查和分析,得出了游客游园的基本资料及游客对深圳市政公园管理的认可程度,并在此基础上提出了深圳市市政公园建设与管理的几点建议。     

从学风状况调查看学风建设

在高校扩招和实行“学分制”的情况下,学风总体良好但也存在一些问题。抓学风建设,要解决好认识问 题,修定和完善管理制度,按“勤、严、细、常、实”要求,勤于管理,严格考评。     

如何界定反倾销调查中的"生产成本"概念

“生产成本”是反倾销调查中的核心问题。该文通过国际反倾销法“生产成本”概念的界定，分析了反倾销调查中企业“生产成本”的差异，提出了按照国际惯例进行调整的方法，以及为反倾销调查取证提供的承诺。     

异步电机教学实验数据处理系统

本文介绍异步电机空载、短路、负载实验数据处理的数学方法和软件设计方法步骤,形成了实验教学软件。     

The rise of defensive engineering: how personal liability considerations impact decision-making

Abstract

Based on a survey of Australian engineers (n = 275) this paper examines the impact of personal liability considerations on engineering decision-making. Almost all respondents who make high-stakes decisions saw questions of liability as having both positive (90%) and negative (87%) impacts. Our analysis shows that awareness of personal liability acts to focus the attention of many engineers on the moral dimension of their work. However, it also encourages more expensive decision-making, inhibition of innovation and professional paralysis. We argue that while personal legal liability is a legitimate way to focus engineers’ attention on the potential impact of their work, a problem arises when decision-makers are held responsible for disasters over which they had little control. The focus then shifts to ‘defensive engineering’ practices that are aimed at limiting individual liability rather than disaster prevention. Legal processes that are seen to unfairly allocate blame do not encourage practices that support future disaster prevention.     

A probabilistic ghost in the experimental machine

This paper focuses on the opposition between two contemporary research programs in economics: behavioral economics (BE) and experimental market economics (EME). Our claim is that the arguments of this opposition can be clarified through the lens of another opposition in the philosophy of probability and in probability theory, between Bayesianism and frequentism. We show how this probabilistic opposition has indirectly shaped a controversy in psychology that opposes two research programs – Heuristics and Biases and Ecological Rationality – which play respective roles in the foundations of individual rationality in BE and EME. To understand these theoretical interrelationships, we investigate the 1996 controversy between Kahneman, Tversky, and Gigerenzer. Those psychologists held different views on how probabilistic representations influence the context-dependency of rationality. This provides a rationale to suggest that a probabilistic ghost may be haunting the experimental machine in economics, and explains how and why the oppositions between BE and EME are structured around the interplay between the norms of rationality and the context in which rationality is exercised.     

Can teaching social dilemmas make people more prosocial? An experiment

Economics and business students regularly behave less prosocially than others. Can ethics training reverse this tendency? Results from a repeated public goods experiment reveal that it can. Students who attend an interactive lecture on social dilemmas show significantly more cooperation than others. However, the lecture does not appear to increase the incidence of reciprocal behavior. As many current social problems qualify as social dilemmas, this result stresses the importance of ethics training for policy makers and curriculum designers alike in overcoming the incentive structure of social dilemmas.     

3s技术在基本农田调查清理中的应用——以重庆市巫山县为例

划定永久基本农田是实现耕地保护目标的重要手段,为做好永久基本农田调整完善工作需要对基本农田现状进行调查清理,以重庆市巫山县为例,提供基于3S技术支撑的技术方法和工作思路。结果表明,以3S技术手段进行基本农田现状调查清理,能快速、准确查清基本农田现状数据中不符合基本农田划定要求的地类,能满足基本农田动态监测的需要,将更好地在基本农田划定与保护中得以应用。     

Promoting Persistent Strategic Reasoning Behavior: An Experimental Approach

The present research is aimed to apply experimental techniques to study strategic behavior in one-shot-hide-and-seek games as a frame to elicit more real and elaborated business situations. To promote strategic thinking and persistence, we conducted treatments with repeated matching games among strangers, and one of them with a fixed endowment (fixed initial payment that decreases each round an amount) with the possibility of abandon in any round, retaining the remaining of endowment. In fact, effortful strategic reasoning is found in deviation of subjects’ random choices along the repetitions and abandon, loss aversion, and cultural differences seem articulate a strategic behavior.