On the efficiency of the negligence rule

The three versions of the negligence rule discussed in the literature differ regarding whether a negligent injurer is liable for the entire loss or only for the incremental loss; or regarding whether negligence is defined as failure to take at least due care or failure to take a cost‐justified precaution. It is shown in the paper that the incremental version with untaken precaution notion of negligence is not efficient; not even for the unilateral case. The paper also establishes, for the bilateral case, the efficiency of the incremental version with the shortfall‐from‐due‐care way of defining negligence.     

Community health service centers in China, not always trusted by the populations they serve?

Based on the idea that healthcare needs to be managed by individuals and that basic health services should be provided by the community, this paper examines the factors that impact urban outpatients' preferences for particular community health service centers (CHSCs) and hospitals. Rational consumption of healthcare is influenced by a patient's beliefs, beyond simple demographics and social structure. Ignorance of basic health issues leads to non-rational patient behavior, which also explains the confusion in Chinese health reform regarding people's mistrust of CHSCs. Health education in the form of self-managed care may increase personal health knowledge and encourage individuals to make use of the basic health services that are supplied by CHSCs.     

论“公正”重于“关护”———对中国就业弱势群体税收支持政策的哲学反思

随着我国就业弱势群体的出现,财政部和国家税务总局陆续出台了一系列促进就业的税收政策,但由于这些税收政策在“公正”与“关护”两个基本原则运用上存在侧重点的偏差,导致这些政策的作用效果并不明显。“公正”与“关护”同属人类伦理学理论资源中的两个基本道德诉求。在就业弱势群体税收支持政策制定中,两者缺一不可、互相关联,但从国家宏观就业指导方针、道德原则的稳定性、持久性以及普遍性的角度看,应该坚持“公正”重于“关护”。     

Treatment effects of selection behavior in managed care plans: evidence from Medicaid

This paper tests whether capitated payments to Medicaid managed care plans induce to plans strategic undercutting of treatment for specific diagnostic groups. I focus on treatment (measured by length of stay and cost) in acute care hospitals in Massachusetts. I use a differences-in-differences-in-differences approach, where the third differences compare treatment patterns between managed care plans that receive capitated payments with those that do not. I find that the first reduce treatment significantly more to mental health patients than to patients in other disease groups, whereas the latter reduce hospital resource use more uniformly across disease groups. These results highlight the importance of using payment mechanisms in public programs that reflect the variability in costs of beneficiaries.Received: September 2002, Accepted: May 2003, JEL Classification: I11I thank Randall Ellis, Kevin Lang and Thomas McGuire and anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions. I also thank seminar participants at The Brookings Institution and Harvard/MIT/BU Health Economics Seminar. The Portuguese National Science Foundation (B.D. 5910/95) and NIMH (NIMH R01 MH59254) provided financial support. I am indebted to the Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy for kindly providing the data to me for this project. I am responsible for any errors that may remain.     

Attitudes toward Use of Advertising and Various Media Practices by Physicians

Advertising by physicians is a relatively recent phenomenon. The purposes of this study were to determine (a) consumers’ attitudes toward advertising by physicians; (b) whether certain potential consumer demographic variables account for any significant difference in attitudes toward physicians who advertise; and (c) which media consumers feel are appropriate for physicians’ advertising. The intent was to discover information that would be useful to physicians in planning promotional strategies and improving the quality of their advertising. The study seems to confirm the belief of many professionals that advertising and promotion clearly have a place in the future of health care services.     

OSI参考模型在新型农村合作医疗中的应用

本文在介绍新型农村合作医疗概念的基础上,引入了OSI参考模型,同时阐述了OSI参考模型在合作医疗中的优缺点,以及OSI在新型农村合作医疗中的应用。     

对现阶段中国长期护理保险产品的开发建议

卫生部调查数据显示：中国60岁以上老年人余寿中有2／3的时间带病生存，平均1／4左右的时间处于机体功能受损状态。2008年底，中国60岁以上人口总数达到1．49亿，医疗保障需求极为旺盛，然而，通过保险解决医疗费用支出的比例微乎其微。从中国现行社会保障体系的实际情况出发，结合国外长期护理领域的成熟产品以及中国老年人群的特点和护理需求，对如何做好老年人群的产品规划，促进保险产品创新，提出相应建议。     

新时期公共图书馆的人文关怀

随着我国经济社会的不断发展,如何满足广大读者对社会信息的需求,加强公共图书馆的人文关怀,更好地为读者服务、为构建和谐社会服务,是摆在广大图书馆人面前的一个重要课题。实施人文关怀,图书馆要牢固树立＂以人为本＂的理念;坚持公共图书馆的公益性建设;提供更为人性化的服务;加强公共图书馆的软硬件建设。     

论摇篮曲人文话语中所体现的精神内涵——以广州摇篮曲为例

摇篮曲是民间歌谣的表现形式之一,是民间口头文化的重要组成部分。虽无作者也乏书籍可考查,但民间摇篮曲凭靠群众口头创作和流传,并伴随着中华几千年文化的发展而繁衍不息。其中,以具有开放和兼容文化特质的广州地区为代表的广府摇篮曲是民间摇篮曲的重要标志之一,一定程度上代表着民间摇篮曲的发展方向。基于实地田野调查和参考文献的研究方式,文章根据摇篮曲发展现状,从民间口头文化的特性出发,遵从民间歌谣发展的一般规律,结合广州本土文化的特点,斟酌广州摇篮曲中人文话语的艺术特色,并横向与东北及国外的摇篮曲进行对比,深度发掘广州摇篮曲文化能代表的民间文化的精神内涵。     

Health Care Matters: Supply Chains In and Of the Health Sector

Providing health care involves a complex enterprise, and the trade‐off between quality and cost has been particularly stark compared to other industries. However, a recent focus on health sector supply networks is now producing significant innovations and improvements. This Special Topic Forum illustrates for the academic and practitioner community how health care supply chain research can benefit from our evolving understanding of supply chains and help push that understanding even further. We classify health care supply chain research into two broad categories—supply chain in health care and supply chain of health care—to set an agenda for future research.