Model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different antibiotics in the management of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in Germany

Summary

This study investigated the primary cost-drivers and determinants of the cost-effectiveness of antibacterial treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (ABECB) in Germany. It assessed the health care costs and consequences related to treatment initiated in the community using macrolides, fluoroquinolones, penicillins, and cephalosporins. Patients were categorised according to disease severity. Decision analysis was used to consider the clinical and economic consequences of various treatment options from first-line treatment initiated by a primary care physician in the community until success or failure after third-line treatment in hospital.

The key cost drivers were the clinical success/failure rates of first-line treatment and the cost per day of hospitalisation. Antibiotics with the cheapest purchase price are not necessarily the most cost-effective first-line treatment. In more severe ABECB, drug acquisition costs are only a small proportion of the total healthcare costs because the extra costs associated with treatment failure are much greater than the acquisition costs of the first-line antibiotics. Thus the most cost-effective first-line treatment is one which results in consistently high clinical effectiveness due to its broad spectrum of activity, low rate of bacterial resistance, and high patient compliance. Of the antibiotics considered, none was consistently found to be the most cost-effective treatment across the full range of scenarios investigated. However, the fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins were generally more cost-effective than the macrolides and penicillins.     

水泥混凝土路面的抗裂措施综述

从水泥混凝土路面开裂破坏过程及其影响因素进行了研究分析,并根据原因分析从各方面提出抗裂防治措施。     

电源电子滤波电阻作用的定量分析

通过定量分析分析电源电子滤波电阻的作用，得到了该电阻应选定在最佳值上才能获得最好综合滤波效果的结论，从而为电源电子滤波电路的设计等提供了又一指导依据。     

支撑式临时橡胶阻水坝的研究与应用

本文介绍了小水头应急阻水坝存在的问题,设计了一种支撑式橡胶阻水坝。通过对阻水坝的结构、工作原理、安全性和应用前景等方面的研究,建立了实物模型,经过试验验证了支撑式橡胶阻水坝的实用价值。     

Resource utilisation and costs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin glargine or conventional basal insulin under real-world conditions in Germany: LIVE-SPP study

Objective: To assess and compare the total costs relevant to diabetes care in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) treated at specialised diabetes practices with either insulin glargine- or conventional basal insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn [NPH])-based therapies from the German statutory health insurance (SHI) perspective.

Methods: The Long Acting Insulin Glargine Versus NPH Cost Evaluation in Specialised Practices (LIVE-SPP) study is an observational, retrolective, multicentre longitudinal cost comparison in adults with T2D. Costs were evaluated from the German SHI perspective based on official 2005 prices. Average total costs per patient for insulin glargine-versus NPH-based therapies were compared using multivariate general linear modelling. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying the main cost factors by ± 25%.

Results: Patients (n=1,024, 512 patients per cohort) were on average 62 years of age, with an average 8-year diabetes history at study start. The average unadjusted total annual costs per patient were €1,868.41 (95% CI 1,744.27–1,992.56) for insulin glargine-based vs. €2,063.72 (95% CI 1,922.91–2,204.54) for NPH-based therapies. Average adjusted total annual costs per patient between insulin glargine- (€1,241.13) and NPH-based therapies (€1,607.86) were statistically significantly different (p=0.0004). The economic advantage for insulin glargine-based therapies resulted mainly from fewer blood glucose measurements and other diabetes-related materials (e.g. needles). The savings remained stable in one-way sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions: The LIVE-SPP study suggests that insulin glargine-based therapies may offer an economic advantage over NPH-based therapies.     

提升机安全性能检测仪在提升系统总变位质量测试中的应用

通过用TC-3C提升机安全性能检测仪对煤矿提升系统及其变位质量的检测,将变位质量的计算方法、测量方法、产生误差的原因及提高测量精度的措施进行了简单介绍、分析和探讨。     

压降仪行业检定规程的实践与探讨

本文通过卷烟/滤棒压降仪中使用吸阻棒的压降值进行检测,分析在检测过程中正确选用标准器的实践以及存在问题的探讨,从而有助于我们准确测量吸阻棒的压降值。     

Space and Identity in Resistance against Neoliberal Urban Planning in Turkey

This article highlights the role of collective identity and space in the emergence of social resistance within a neoliberal context. It argues that the attempted eviction of residents from their established neighbourhoods through public planning projects generates resistance against the reappropriation of these spaces and has encouraged new forms of resistance among inhabitants in several neighbourhoods. I particularly emphasize that planning projects often displace particular populations by force, principally minority communities, in order to confine them to new resettlement areas far from their customary living places, which has a socioeconomic impact on people's identity, everyday life and social solidarity. The article is based on empirical research in two neighbourhoods in Istanbul — 1 May?s and Sulukule — to analyse practices of resistance of inhabitants in everyday life and examine how this resistance shapes their identity and daily life.     

耐热导线与钢芯铝绞线在线路增容改造中的可行性分析

耐热铝合金导线具有耐高温运行、输送容量大、经济性能优越等特点,输送容量是同截面普通导线的2倍,能大大节约材料,是城乡电网改造工程选用的最佳材料之一。钢芯铝绞线可以通过提高运行温度增大输送容量。文章对耐热导线及钢芯铝绞线在旧线路增容改造中的可行性进行了分析,对旧线路增容改造提出了建议。     

‘Down with Big Brother!’ The End of ‘Corporate Culturalism’?

Hugh Willmott's classic 1993 JMS article, ‘Strength is Ignorance; Freedom is Slavery’, has greatly influenced how we understand culture management. It draws parallel's with George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty‐Four to reveal the totalitarian aspirations of ‘corporate culturalism’. While it is sometimes said that employee resistance is missing in Willmott's account, I argue that it is implicitly pervasive, prefiguring subsequent investigations of ‘micro‐emancipation’ in management studies. The recent waning of scholarly interest in this type of resistance, however, also points to the contemporary relevance of Willmott's analysis. Emergent forms of corporate regulation utilize ‘biopower’ rather than just cultural conformity, rendering micro‐emancipation inadequate, but inspiring other types of dissent.