厌氧氨氧化工艺的高效应用

厌氧氨氧化菌,俗称“红菌”,通过生物化学反应,它们可以将污水中所含有的氨氮转化为氮气,以达到去除氨氮的作用,是污水处理领域很重要的微生物,该技术可以说是废水处理领域脱氮的巅峰技术。具有耗能小、占地小、运行成本低等优势,但是厌氧氨氧化菌的培养以及工艺稳定受温度、pH、溶解氧、悬浮物、有机污染物浓度等诸多因素影响,影响其运行稳定性。基于此,文章将重点分析在温度、pH和溶解氧在最佳范围时,将MBR、臭氧催化氧化技术联合用于厌氧氨氧化工艺的前处理技术,实现液体和悬浮物固体的分离,再进行厌氧氨氧化脱氮处理,结果表明,增加该前处理技术后能够有效提升厌氧氨氧化菌活性,提高厌氧氨氧化的运行稳定性。     

事业单位内部财务管理控制刍议

加强事业单位内部财务管理控制力度,有利于保证事业单位资金的良性循环和安全使用,提高资金使用效益。建立健全事业单位内部财务管理控制体系,应完善内部财务机构的建设,建立起规范的内部财务控制制度和有效的内部财务控制层次。     

现阶段增值税转型改革若干问题研究

东北、中部等地区是增值税转型改革试点,内容包括转型政策框架、主要地区与行业范围、固定资产抵扣情形与限制情形、抵扣方法与退税程序等方面。试点工作取得了明显成效,但也存在一些问题,建议及时改进增值税转型面临的问题,进一步构建新型的增值税体制。     

论创先争优与提高领导艺术

创先争优活动从更高境界赋予＂领导艺术＂以新意义、新内涵,并为领导艺术上台阶开辟了广阔路径。领导干部应以创先争优活动为载体,在严格按要求创造性地开展活动中,与时俱进地提高领导艺术。     

On levies to reduce the nitrogen surplus: The case of Dutch pig farms

Pig farms in the Netherlands pay a zero or low price for using the environment. As a consequence, the environment is overused. The Dutch government wants to reduce the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus. Possible instruments are regulation and levies. In this study a levy on feed and a levy on the nitrogen surplus are investigated, by incorporating a bad output in the production model. The model is estimated using panel data of Dutch pig farms over the period 1975–1989. Levies on nitrogen turn out to be more cost-effective than levies on feed.     

短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺及影响因子

介绍了传统生物脱氮工艺和短程硝化一反硝化工艺原理，提出了短程硝化反硝化的关键是如何控制硝化过程中NO2^--N的积累。分析了影响NO2^--N积累的主要因素为温度、游离氨、pH值、溶解氧、有害物质和泥龄，提出了实现短程反硝化的控制条件。     

积极财政政策的成效与对策

积极的财政政策，是我国在特定情况下实行的一种特殊的财政政策。5年多来，这一政策，对扩大消费需求，拉动经济增长，发挥了不可替代的作用。在当前形势下，积极的财政政策还不能轻易漆出，未来2—3年内仍要继续实施。要采取相应的对策，以保证新一轮的积极的财政政策能够得到继续有效的实施。     

改进马克思主义哲学原理课教学的思考

要提高马克思主义哲学原理课程教学水平,必须提高教师的综合素质和业务能力,在教学中以史带论、以著带论、以比带论、以思带论、以实带论,同时要改进教学方法,更新教学手段。     

Cost-Effective Nutrient Reductions to the Baltic Sea

Due to eutrophication caused by heavy loads of nitrogen and phosphorus, the biological conditions of the Baltic Sea have been disturbed: large sea bottom areas without any biological life, low stocks of cods, and toxic blue green algaes. It is recognized that the nitrogen and phosphorus loads to the Baltic Sea must be reduced by 50% in order to restore the sea. The main purpose of this paper is to calculate cost effective nitrogen and phosphorus reductions to the Baltic Sea from the nine countries surrounding the Baltic Sea. The results show a significant difference in minimum costs of decreasing nitrogen and phosphorus loads to the Sea: approximately 12 000 millions of SEK per year and 3 000 millions of SEK respectively for reductions by 50%. It is also shown that a change from a policy of cost-effective nutrient reductions to a policy where each country reduces the nutrient loads by 50% increase total costs for both nitrogen and phosphorus reductions by about 300%. The results are, however, sensitive to several of the underlying assumptions and should therefore be interpreted with much caution.     

氮气环境下催化剂安全卸装技术要求

文章对氮气环境下催化剂卸装提出了切实可行的安全技术要求,指出安全技术条件的保证是氮气环境下催化剂卸装的关键,并指出今后我国石油化工、化肥企业催化剂卸装的方向。