Average cost and marginal cost pricing in Marshall: Textual analysis and interpretation

Abstract

This paper proposes a textual analysis of Marshall's theory of firm pricing behavior under competitive conditions. Average cost and marginal cost pricing theories have very distinct origins as they are rooted, respectively, in the classical and marginalistic theory of competition. I analyze to what extent and under which circumstances the two theories joined in the work of Alfred Marshall; and I argue that, even though only partial evidence can be found to support the adoption of the notion of marginal cost pricing by Marshall, he developed some concepts, such as the distinction between short and long periods and the notion of quasi-rents, which turned out to be fundamental for the joint acceptance of marginal cost and average cost pricing principles by the Marshallian school.     

On continuous-time Markov processes in bargaining

For bilateral stochastic bargaining procedures embedded in stable homogeneous continuous-time Markov processes, we show unusual limit results when time between rounds vanish. Standard convergence results require that some states are instantaneous.     

如何完善企业集团财务内部控制

企业集团为经济组织,在优化资源配置、强化集团内部的优势互利、等方面具有一定的优越性,但这些优越性的发挥必须有完善的财务内部控制作保障。鉴于目前我国企业集团财务内部控制比较薄弱,本文就如何完善企业集团财务内部控制提出了措施。     

我国行政赔偿制度存在的缺陷及其完善

国家赔偿制度的建立是从人治走向法治的重要标志之一.在人治背景下,政府对自己的行为是不负责任的,即使要负责任,也是有限的责任.国外国家赔偿制度的发展历史也充分说明了这一点.在我国,行政赔偿制度是国家赔偿制度的重要组成部分,也是衡量一国民主法治进程的重要标尺之一.我国<国家赔偿法>实施十年多来,在控权和保障民权方面发挥了很大的积极作用,但随着我国民主法制进程的推进,我国行政赔偿制度暴露出许多弊端,文章拟从行政赔偿领域、行政赔偿程序、赔偿归责原则体系、行政赔偿标准等几个方面来探讨我国行政赔偿制度.     

Equity-settled share-based payments and their (strategic) use under asymmetric information

Share-based payments are of widespread use in today's economy. Consulting firms are increasingly accepting equity compensation for their services (particularly from startups) and many governments provide fiscal incentives to support this choice. Likewise, profit-sharing licensing is an on-trend business practice by innovative firms and patent holders when transferring their technology to interested adopters. This paper unveils strategic considerations according to which an agent/seller designs its optimal policy in regard to the equity share to request in exchange for its service, technology, or trademark. The model assumes a fringe of interested users/customers differentiated by both the support they need from the seller and the value of the underlying relationship; and also holding an informational disadvantage on their own type. Given the seller's cost configuration, equilibrium outcomes entail entering a profit-sharing relationship either with the high-type customers only or with all customers. Yet, in this case, equity-based payment claims are —for rent extraction purposes— common (i.e., not differentiated) across types.     

宽带信号数字信道化及跨信道重构侦测技术

针对在无源探测大带宽信号的过程中会产生跨信道失真问题，提出了一种跨信道可重构的信道化方法。首先经过均匀滤波器组粗滤波，再引入检测时间自适应的双门限能量检测机制，对粗滤波信号进行跨信道判决，之后对各个跨信道信号分别进行可重构信道化设计，从而恢复出原始信号。与传统的数字信道化方法相比，该算法能够更新能量检测门限对跨信道信号进行实时判决，对跨信道信号的重构准确率高于98.3%，实现了对跨子信道带宽信号的近似无失真重构。Matlab仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

关于中国股市暴涨暴跌的思考

股市是参与各方多空博弈的场所。股指在一定范围内的波动是正常的,但是股指的暴涨暴跌不利于股市的稳定与健康发展,会扰乱市场秩序,损害投资者利益,甚至危及国家金融资产安全。到目前为止,是什么原因让中国股市经历了七次暴涨暴跌,要怎样完善股市的运行相关机制才能跳出股市暴涨暴跌的历史轮回的危害,本文将探讨。     

数控机床技术发展趋势分析

对数控机床的现状进行分析,并指出了数控机床的发展趋势。