The Procompetitive Effect of Demand-Enhancing Check-Off Programs

This article explores demand-enhancing check-off programs and how such programs may influence both private programs as well as industry market structure. Under duopoly, a firm may increase its sales through privately funding product quality improvements. However, such endogenous sunk costs may also be used to exclude a rival. Industry-funded check-off programs affect firms' strategies and can be procompetitive. The rationale lies not only in how the check-off enhancement is perceived by consumers but also in the way the check-off's crowding-out effect reduces the ability of a firm to use its private expenditures to bar a rival's market access.     

高等学校内部教学质量提升机制研究——以内蒙古财经学院为例

高等学校的教学质量已经成为政府、社会以及高校自身高度重视的问题。通常,高等教育质量保证可以划分为学校内部质量保证与外部质量保证问题,其中高校内部质量保证是关键与基础。为了不断提升高校的教学质量,首先应树立全面质量意识,在此基础上,应构建与完善教学质量的组织保障体系、制度保障体系与信息保障体系。     

石油钻探一体化管理模式的探索与实践

提出了石油探井钻井一体化项目管理新模式,针对新疆西湖地区地质特点,探讨相应的钻井提速措施。通过风险探井西湖1井的现场实践,实施一体化管理模式能够较好地实现管理人员与技术人员的资源共享和互补,缩短了指挥链,钻井速度明显提高,复杂事故发生率明显降低,从而实现了项目费用、进度、质量和安全的有效控制。     

开放实验室对实训教学的促进作用

本文论述了开放实验室的相关做法及其对教学的促进作用。     

Community safety promotion at local,regional, and national levels. Summary report from a workshop on local organizing and societal contributions with regard to the development of Safe Communities,held at the Third International Conference on Safe Communities,June 6-8, 1994, Harstad,Norway

Aim The aim of this review was to determine the extent to which the effectiveness of countermeasures for preventing alpine skiing injuries has been evaluated. Methods The methodology involved a critical review based on the available international literature and sports equipment standards, as well as consultation with experts in the field. Where possible, the review focused on controlled trials. Results Key injury countermeasures in skiing identified in this review include physical conditioning programmes, ski-bindings and their timely release, professional adjustment of ski-bindings and the use of mechanical testing devices for this, design of ski pole handles, helmets for children (and adults), ski patrollers, skier education, speed control on the slopes and safe lifting equipment. A tabular categorisation of the types of evidence for the effectiveness of injury countermeasures is presented. This demonstrates that the weight of evidence is generally based on a combination of data-based or biomechanical testing evidence and informed opinion/anecdotal evidence. There is minimal evidence based on controlled trials in the field. The most evaluated countermeasures are ski bindings and ski pole handles. Properly adjusted ski bindings have the potential for a 3.5-fold reduction in lower extremity injuries, particularly knee injuries. Ski pole handle design needs further innovation and attention. An immediate concern is the generally poorer standard of children’s equipment, ski bindings and their adjustment. Conclusion Skiing is a sport that is growing in popularity, but with a need for controlled trials of its injury prevention countermeasures. This review provides a basis for further action in injury prevention research, development and implementation.     

就业困境的经济学分析与税收政策选择

全球性金融危机导致我国经济增长速度减缓,使得原本艰难的就业形势变得更为严峻.从经济学角度来看.有效需求不足、经济结构调整和信息不对称等是当前我国就业困难的主要原因.通过分析税收政策对就业的效用和借鉴国外促进就业税收政策的经验,提出了实行结构性减税、加大就业密集型行业和特殊人群的税收优惠、开征失业保险税等促进就业的一系列税收政策建议.     

Trust Promoting Seals in Electronic Markets

Abstract

In order to promote web sales, companies conducting electronic commerce are constantly seeking viable and efficient ways to increase web traffic. One approach is to build consumers' trust, and ultimately to increase web sales. Many business-to-consumer online merchants follow this approach and display trust-promoting seals on their websites. However, whether these seals really fulfill the tasks they have promised has remained unexplored. This study empirically examines the influence of trust-promoting seals on consumers' online purchasing decisions. The results show that the trust-promoting seals are generally effective in promoting web sales, and some seals enhance promotion better than others.     

The Psychological Influences of Threat on B2C E-commerce Adoption: An Extended Study and Explanatory Framework

In order to better understand how internet users actually decide to conduct business transactions or related activities in a B2C e-commerce environment, this article adds a new lens of study by investigating the roles of Threat Appraisal (TA) and Perceived Coping Appraisal (PCA) from the end user's perspective. Based on established academic theories and relevant industrial practices, it is suggested that TA and PCA are critical behavioral components influencing the user's intentions to participate in online transactions. These functions serve as important inputs to formalizing our understanding of how services offered by e-commerce websites are utilized.     

The Response to the Commitment with Block-Leader Recycling Promotion Technique: A Longitudinal Approach

SUMMARY

This article focuses on the study of the changes in consumers' recycling beliefs, attitudes, and behavior due to the application of one promotion technique: a commitment by block leader technique characterized by the agreeing participant signing a request or statement in which s/he makes a commitment to recycle as a result of the encouragement of a person who belongs to the same social circle. We therefore carried out a quasi-experimental work whose results enable us to explain the response to this recycling promotion technique. It makes a contribution to existing environmental literature by (1) systemizing the set of existing doctrines in order to explain the response to this recycling promotion technique, and (2) revealing the effects of this technique on people's beliefs and attitudes. The practical implications that may stem from these contributions are of an educational nature and should be of use to the public management of promotion campaigns.     

节假日调整方案调查问卷的批评性语篇分析

从批评性语篇分析的视角出发，运用系统功能语言学及语用学的分析方法，对国家发改委在其官方网站上公布的节假日调整方案的调查问卷进行分析，发现调查问卷作为一种商用语篇体裁参与社会实践，在了解民意的同时，更加侧重推销方案，在一定程度上促成了这次节假日调整方案的实施。