Spatial Economic Analysis in Data‐Rich Environments

Controlling for spatial effects in micro‐level studies of consumer and producer behaviour necessitates a range of analytical modifications. These range from modest changes in data collection and the definition of variables to dramatic changes in the modelling of consumer and producer decision‐making. This paper discusses conceptual, empirical and data issues involved in modelling the spatial aspects of economic behaviour in data‐rich environments. Attention is given to established and emerging agricultural economic applications of spatial data and spatial econometric methods at the micro‐scale. Recent applications of individual and household data are featured, including models of land‐use change at the urban–rural interface, agricultural land values, and technological change and technology adoption.     

风险投资与高新技术融合的技术转让体系研究

国内外研究现状表明,对风险投资与高新技术融合的技术转让体系的特殊性、体系组成、体系功能等方面的认识有待深化;对推动体系建设的外部条件、经济政策、政策工具的研究尚不充分。有鉴于此,笔者设计了中国风险投资与高新技术融合的技术转让体系,指出了其发育路径,研究了经济政策刺激、政策工具推动体系发育的作用。     

Multi-path mapping for alignment strategies in emerging science and technologies

Roadmapping serves both short and long term (strategic) alignment in science and technology (S&T). Forecasts of the likely future development of S&T are generated; then research and development (R&D) efforts necessary to realize various goals are backcast. But for new and emerging S&T this trusted principle does not work: the likely products are not articulated yet. A promising approach however is building mapping tools based on underlying patterns and indicators of the dynamics of emergence. This paper discusses, based on a first round application in the field of micro and nanotechnologies for single cell analysis, the methodology of such a new approach. The work is linked to a programme of Future oriented Technology Assessment (FTA) activities coordinated within a European nanotechnology research network.

Our paper addresses well-known lacunae of alignment tools from the viewpoints of the path creation/dependency literatures. We then apply these insights to lab-on-a-chip devices for cell analysis. Dynamics of emerging paths can be used to articulate a future structured in terms of prospective innovation chains and potential paradigms. We demonstrate a plausible variety of paths, which provides a broader set of strategic choices. This enables management of expectations and hype by which emerging S&T are characterised, and leads to alignment of actors. Our tool can be applied in strategic management of research and R&D at the level of science-to-industry networks. These are becoming an important element in European S&T policy but will only be successful if ways are found for closing gaps in the innovation chain.     

美国科技创新体系中的政府作用

任何国家的制度创建过程中,我们都不能否认政府所发挥的强大作用,国家科技创新体系的建立和完善也不例外.美国作为当今世界的头号科技强国.政府在建立国家科技创新体系的过程中发挥了怎样的作用.以何种方式发挥这些作用?对这一问题的探索对于正在推动科技自主创新、完善科技制度建设的中国来说具有重要的意义.     

浅议国际工程项目管理模式

文章对国际上各种工程项目管理模式作了简单的介绍,并就其优缺点以及局限性进行了分析探讨,同时还指出了由国外工程项目管理带来的借鉴和启示。     

Unravelling the link between knowledge integration and new product timeliness

This paper examines the impact of knowledge integration on new product timeliness in Chinese high technology firms. The results show that the knowledge integration-new product timeliness connection is contingent on managerial factors (reward system and top management support) and product-based competencies (technical skills adequacy and marketing fit). The findings suggest that reward system, top management support and technical skills moderate the relationship between knowledge integration and new product timeliness. The implications for Chinese high technology firms and further research have been discussed.     

垃圾渗滤液回用工程工艺设计

南方某城市垃圾填埋场为解决垃圾渗滤液污染环境和生产杂用水短缺问题,建设了垃圾渗滤液回用工程。该工程处理工艺采用物化 SBR 反渗透技术,出水水质达到了生产杂用的水质要求,取得了良好的社会效益和经济效益。介绍了工程的工艺流程、设计参数及设计特点。     

Enhanced co-citation analysis using frameworks

The valuation of intangible assets, such as patents, has recently been considered an important technique for R&D strategies. This paper proposes a citation analysis as a method of valuation on patent clusters having patent networks. A citation analysis is a method that examines the value of a patent on the basis of the number of citations of references. In particular, a co-citation analysis is used for coupling patents as the patent cluster and valuating the patent cluster. While the co-citation analysis is of great interest as a method of valuation, this analysis has not been fully examined and does not define any framework for a technology transition and patent strategy. Therefore, in this paper, the conventional co-citation analysis for evaluating the patent clusters is enhanced and frameworks for the technology transition and patent strategy are proposed by analysing citation routes in a co-citation analysis.     

Forecasting the Adoption of GM Oilseed Rape: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment in Germany

This paper explores farmers’ willingness to adopt genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape prior to its commercial release and estimates the ‘demand’ for the new technology. The analysis is based upon choice experiments with 202 German arable farmers. A multinomial probit estimation reveals that GM attributes such as gross margin, expected liability from cross pollination, or flexibility in returning to conventional oilseed rape significantly affect the likelihood of adoption. Neighbouring farmers’ attitudes towards GM cropping and a number of farmer and farm characteristics were also found to be significant determinants of prospective adoption. Demand simulations suggest that adoption rates are very sensitive to the profit difference between GM and non‐GM rape varieties. A monopolistic seed price would substantially reduce demand for the new technology. A monopolistic seed supplier would reap between 45% and 80% of the GM rent, and the deadweight loss of the monopoly would range between 15% and 30% of that rent. The remaining rent for farmers may be too small to outweigh possible producer price discounts resulting from the costs of segregating GM and non‐GM oilseed rape along the supply chain.     

市场结构和技术创新研究的新进展

什么样的市场结构有利于技术创新一直众说纷纭，从垄断和竞争两个方面，探究市场结构对技术创新的作用取决于技术创新的类型、行业技术进步的速度和技术外溢的程度。