罕遇地震下预应力混凝土框架数值模拟方法研究

8度区二类场地下,按现行规范设计了一单跨5层预应力混凝土框架工业厂房,并选取三类地震波进行罕遇地震作用下结构地震反应分析。结果表明:该厂房结构在给定地震条件下具备了较好抗震特性。     

Budget impact analysis of orphan drugs in Belgium: estimates from 2008 to 2013

Objective: This article aims to calculate the impact of orphan drugs on the Belgian drug budget in 2008 and to forecast its impact over the following 5 years.

Method: The 2008 budget impact was calculated by triangulating information derived from multiple Belgian data sources. The 2008–2013 budget impact analysis was based on three scenarios reflecting different levels of growth in the number of registered orphan drugs in the European Union, the number of drugs reimbursed in Belgium, and the average annual cost per patient per drug in Belgium.

Results: The orphan drug budget impact amounted to €66.2 million (or 5% of the Belgian hospital drug budget) in 2008. The impact would increase to €130–204 million in 2013, depending on the scenario.

Conclusions: This static analysis measured orphan drug costs only, assuming that other components of health expenditure do not change over time. The analysis showed that the budget impact of orphan drugs in Belgium is substantial and rising, thereby putting pressure on total drug expenditure. Policy options to address the rising budget impact include pricing linked to return on investment, risk-sharing arrangements and re-appraisal of orphan drug status if additional indications are approved.     

Sustainability and Earth Resources: Life Cycle Assessment Modeling

Corporations are facing increasing risks associated with ecosystems from both natural drivers, such as climate change, as well as institutional drivers resulting from retailers and brands, increasingly making supplier decisions based on life cycle reporting and indexing. These efforts reflect a transition from traditional firm sustainability to a more quantitative product focus, within which the importance and weight of earth resources and ecosystems is dramatically increasing. This paper provides an overview of the limitations traditional life cycle assessment (LCA) methods and presents emerging developments to improve on LCA for resources and ecosystems. This includes LCA efforts to account for spatial relevance, indices of stress, stocks and flows and integrated valuation of services and trade‐offs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

The socio-economic value of satellite earth observations: huge,yet to be measured

ABSTRACT

Earth-observing satellites provide regular and accurate data that can support evidence-based decisions and public policies in a wide range of domains, potentially bringing huge socio-economic benefits. However, obstacles to effective data exploitation and poor awareness about their impacts risk hindering this potentiality and threaten the investments. Leveraging on the case of the Copernicus Programme, we review the challenges related to the full exploitation of free environmental space data and to the measurement of the related impacts. We then discuss the need for empirical approaches based on value-chain analysis with the objective to stimulate further societal and economic research.     

大地的脉搏——对大地伦理学的哲学思考

大地伦理学是奥尔多·利奥波德创立的一种以整体主义为价值核心的环境伦理思想。该思想为人类拯救生态危机提供了一种具有实践意义的伦理价值导向。其核心概念“土地共同体”改变了人在共同体中的地位，确立了伦理整体主义的最高原则，与人类中心主义、动物解放主义形成三级对立模式。考察大地伦理自身，亦存在自然主义的谬误、“环境法西斯主义”、反文明倾向等诸多问题。     

气候变化的地球环境解读与不良后果分析

地球相对适宜的平均温度是15℃，这种动态平衡显然已被打破，全球加速变暖已是不争的事实，引起了世人广泛关注。在影响地球环境变迁的天——地——人三大因素中，天和地的作用是客观的、决定性的、不可逆的；生物作用特别是人的作用大多是主观的、非常重要的、负有人为责任的。气候变暖的负面影响，不仅使极端天气气候事件频繁发生，使局部地区甚至整个生物圈结构和功能失街，导致全球环境进一步恶化。在经济社会各方借机争夺未来在能源发展和经济竞争中的优势地位，势必将引登全球公共资源在新一轮利用和分配问题上的冲突，威胁和平与安全。限制温室气体排放，应封气候变化的国际主流的努力，在技术上是可行的，在政治或经济上是否可行，还需要进一步进行国际磋商与务实合作。     

石灰粉煤灰稳定土基层施工工艺探讨

本文从施工准备工作、现场拌和、整型、碾压、养生等方面探讨二灰土基层的施工工艺。     

变电工程常规降阻剂施工方案降阻效率的研究

目前,电力工程接地网设计中仍大量使用降阻剂作为主要的降阻措施。文章从降阻剂的降阻原理入手,分析计算降阻剂在不同大小接地网的降阻效率。通过计算分析表明,在线路杆塔接地网等小型接地网中,使用降阻剂可达较好的降阻作用;而在大中型变电站接地网中的水平接地网中敷设降阻剂则无法有效降低接地网的接地电阻,因此,不应把水平接地网敷设降阻剂作为主要降阻措施。     

论黑土地域文化的精神层面建设

黑土地域文化的精神层面建设主要包括两个方面:一是强魂工程,这是该项建设的核心所在.有了"地域魂",才能显露黑土地域文化崇高精神本色;"魂"字当头,黑土地域文化精神层面建设才能全面启动.二是社会转型期呼唤着黑土地域崇高精神,人们需要精神归位,而黑土地域精神也需要加以重塑.     

论油田用直驱式螺杆泵抽油机电机系统对节约稀土和能源的重要性

油田专用直驱式螺杆泵抽油机电机系统的设计,在控制总成本的前提下,对导磁材料、稀土磁钢等关键材料进行苛刻的优化计算和设计,降低了稀土磁钢的使用量。系统采用三相永磁同步低速大扭矩伺服电机,并配套伺服驱动器及控制柜,构成专用智能化抽油控制系统,在低噪音、高效率和节省电能方面具有较大优势。