Seasonal protection of F&V imports in the EU: impacts of the entry price system

The measures of border protection applied by the European Union (EU) to imports of fruits and vegetables (FV) are complex and usually not well represented in trade models, not only because of the range of instruments still constraining trade, but also because of product differentiation and seasonality in these products. This article assesses the impact of eliminating entry price (EP) constraints applied to a group of FV products. The proposed model is of a partial equilibrium nature and takes seasonality into account. We have applied the model to imports of tomatoes, cucumbers, clementines, and table grapes. Trade impacts of eliminating EP are significant for particular origins, during specific seasons, most notably for Moroccan tomatoes. The volumes and prices of products originating in the EU experience moderate reductions.     

市售三明治微生物检测结果分析

以扬州市流通领域的三明治类糕点为研究对象,采用国家标准方法对三明治中的致病菌及不同组分中微生物的短期变化情况进行检测和动态监测.结果表明,18个品种的三明治中均未检出沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌和大肠埃希氏菌O157,3个品种三明治中检出金黄色葡萄球菌(含量均为10 CFU·g-1),1个品种三明治中检出蜡样芽孢杆...     

蔬菜中重金属汞的快速测定及方法评估

为研究快检试剂盒在检测蔬菜中重金属汞含量中的适应性,随机选取阿克苏市当地市售蔬菜为检测样品,实验采用国家标准《食品安全国家标准食品中总汞及有机汞的测定》(GB 5009.17—2014)第一法原子荧光光谱分析法作为参比方法,选取重金属汞快速检测试剂盒,根据《食品快速检测方法评价技术规范》对其快检适应性进行评估.结果表明...     

Adherence to WHO’s nutrition recommendations in the UK: Dietary patterns and policy implications from a national survey

Analysis of dietary patterns has largely focused on their association with diseases or risk factors, but limited research has been conducted on the heterogeneity of population dietary patterns and their adherence to international or national nutritional guidelines. As a result, the aim of this study is to identify latent dietary patterns of UK residents and to assess how well different segments comply with WHO dietary norms.To achieve this objective, the UK’s National Diet and Nutrition Surveys for 2011–12 dataset was analysed performing a latent class analysis on energy (kcals) derived from selected food groups. To assess adherence to different dietary patterns of the British population to nutritional guidelines, a traffic light system and a composite conformity index were developed to establish how well the identified segments comply with current dietary WHO norms regarding salt, free sugars, total fat, saturated fat, fruit and vegetables and dietary fibre.Results show four different segments which on the basis of heterogeneity of dietary patterns were named ‘high sugar/high fat consumers’, ‘prudent eaters’, ‘high fat consumers’ and ‘junk food eaters’. These segments show significant differences within and between groups in terms of dietary calories intakes and their adherence to WHO norms. Although ‘prudent eaters’ are closer to WHO dietary guidelines than other segments, none of the identified segments fully comply with dietary WHO norms. Policy implications of these findings are fully discussed in the conclusions arguing how current, future and potential dietary demand and supply measures affect consumers’ compliance with WHO norms.     

Drivers of sustainable intensification in Kenyan rural and peri-urban vegetable production

Sustainable intensification promotes environmentally sound and productive agriculture. However, use of sustainable intensification practices (SIPs) is low in many sub-Sharan African countries. This study examined the adoption of SIPs in Kenyan rural and peri-urban vegetable production to understand the scale of and underlying factors in the use of SIPs. A multistage sampling technique was employed to randomly select 685 rural and peri-urban vegetable farm households. Household data was then collected and anaylsed for four practices namely improved irrigation, integrated soil fertility, organic manure and crop diversification using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. A multivariate probit model was run to model simultaneous interdependent adoption decisions. Adoption of organic manure and African indigenous vegetables (AIV) diversification was high in both rural and peri-urban areas. However, adoption of improved irrigation systems and integrated soil fertility management was low, and even significantly lower in rural areas than in peri-urban areas (p?相似文献   

Access of Tunisian Fruits and Vegetables to the EU Market: Potential Impacts of the Revision of the Entry Price System

Agricultural trade flows worldwide continue to be subject to country restrictions of a tariff and non-tariff nature. This is more so in the case of fruits and vegetables in view of their multiplicity. This hinders the exports of these products, which is an important objective sought by the economy of Tunisia. This article simulates the potential consequences of a possible opening up of the European market borders on fruits and vegetables coming from Tunisia and the rest of the world (ROW), following alternative tariff reduction schemes of the entry price mechanism practiced by the EU, particularly in its ad-valorem duty. The analysis uses a partial equilibrium model that takes into consideration economic aspects related to the exports of these products, regardless of their interactions with other agricultural commodities. The model is composed of a series of behavioral equations describing excess demand and supply of fruits and vegetables of all trading partners and attempts to simulate “international” market equilibrium for these commodities. Tomatoes, oranges and peaches were selected for the analysis and three trading blocs were taken into consideration: The European Union, Tunisia and the ROW. Two policy scenarios were examined (a) reduction by one third of the ad-valorem tariff and (b) its total elimination. The results suggest that the impacts would be concentrated in specific periods, varying with products and regions. In addition to possible trade volumes, Tunisia and other countries may also gain in value from exports. A significant increase in the prices of peaches and tomatoes for Tunisia would result from the liberalization process of the EU market. Volumes and prices of EU domestic supplies would however exhibit moderate reductions.     

耐贮大路货性果蔬品销售策略的探讨——以湖南石门柑桔销售为例讨论

对耐贮大路货性的果蔬品的销售策略有五条：树立果蔬的地方品牌和加强其食补价值的宣传;发展鲜品加工工业：扩大国际市场销售：政府适当的指导价及公示鲜果的平均种植成本：果蔬的物流增值——近／远距销售．应／延时销售。建立了销售价格g,销售成本c与物流距离x,销售延时t之间利润计算公式,并用示意图表明x和t与利润厂之间的关系,对销售经纪人有指导意义。     

GIS在果蔬物流配送中的应用

针对果蔬物流配送的特点,简要归纳国内果蔬物流的发展情况,并分析我国传统配送模式存在的问题。根据现代物流的发展,物流配送系统的设计,介绍应用GIS技术的现代物流系统的总体结构及其具体功能,在VB语言中插入MapObjects控件进行编程设计。提出GIS技术在物流配送系统中的应用,有利于加强对物流过程的全面控制和管理,实现高效、高质的物流配送服务。     

Marketing cooperative vs. commission agent: The Turkish dilemma on the modern fresh fruit and vegetable market

In Turkey, the Wholesale Markets Law was enacted in 1995 to facilitate small-scale growers’ access to the fresh produce market. Cooperatives and commission agents have thus become the main marketing structures available to small-scale fresh produce growers, to supply supermarkets and comply with their new requirements. In this paper, we question the advantages and disadvantages that confront small farmers with respect to those marketing structures to allow for market matching or quality upgrading. Drawing on ownership and transaction cost arguments, we use an analytical framework to identify and compare the costs of these marketing organizations. Based on data collected through a large number of interviews with stakeholders, we show that commission agents and credit cooperatives tend to be more efficient than traditional cooperatives as regards sales performance and decision costs. However, the lack of apparent competition between commission agents does not allow for sufficient provision of incentives for producers to invest in high-quality production. Consequently, credit cooperatives are the only structure progressively turning to strategies of quality upgrading and supermarket supply. The flipside of such strategies is that they may lead to the marginalization of small-scale farmers.     

成本收益视角下中国设施蔬菜生产效率研究以黄瓜、番茄栽培为例

目的 文章以番茄与黄瓜为例，以设施、露地蔬菜栽培宏微观数据为支撑，以纬度和降雨为划分区域依据，从成本收益及效率评价视角出发，回答中国设施农业发展方向的问题。方法 运用比较分析以及SFA-Malmquist方法，测算与拆解全要素生产率指标。结果 （1）从中国设施现状来看：中国设施蔬菜具“高产量、高收益、高价格”的“三高”优势和“收益率优势不显著、劳动生产率低”的“双重”劣势；中国设施蔬菜产业仍属“劳动密集型”产业；设施蔬菜经济投入相对较高，影响设施蔬菜的竞争力水平。（2）从设施栽培全要素生产率来看：中国设施农业全要素生产率稳定增长，但生产效率徘徊不前，栽培品种间、区域间全要素生产率增长的主要驱动因素不同。（3）对比设施和露地效率：全要素生产率的变动基本一致；生产效率表现为“设施>露地”，露地栽培种间效率差异大；技术进步增长表现为“设施<露地”，区域特征显著。结论 中国设施蔬菜全要素生产率稳定递增，属于“技术进步诱导+技术效率推动”的增长模式。