企业出口对其工资影响的再分析

本文将企业出口强度做为连续的处理变量,采用广义倾向得分法,控制企业的出口自选择后,在每一出口强度上考察了中国2000-2007年持续存活的企业出口后对其员工工资的影响,研究表明：企业出口确实能显著提高员工工资,然而这一因果关系只在企业出口强度的某些子区间成立;此外,企业出口后,出口强度与员工工资呈现倒U形关系,出口对工资的改善作用随出口强度的增加先上升后下降。     

Mr Keynes,the Classics and the new Keynesians: A suggested formalisation

Abstract

The paper suggests a new Keynesian model of the General Theory. A reduced form entails a diagram with three curves relating employment and the real wage, which represent the two fundamental classical postulates and the principle of effective demand. This diagram illustrates better than IS–LM the generality of Keynes's theory, clarifying the distinction between voluntary and involuntary unemployment. Other significant features are the role of the distribution of expected interest rates among heterogeneous agents, whether dispersed or concentrated, in shaping the LM curve, as well as the role of wage competitiveness constraints as a foundation of Keynes's relative wage hypothesis.     

A note on internal and external reference in efficiency wage models

According to Bewley, a workers’ morale depends on being treated fairly within firms. This implies that the internal comparison of the own wage with wages paid to other workers within the firm affects individual effort determination. By contrast, the standard efficiency wage models only consider a comparison of the own wage with external income opportunities as the only determinant for individual effort. We provide a simple efficiency wage framework in which both the internal and external perspectives can affect individual effort determination. Our framework suggests that the internal reference is essential for the existence of real wage rigidity while the external reference ensures an upward-sloping wage-setting curve.      

Reemployment wages and UI liquidity effect: a regression discontinuity approach

This paper puts together the non-distortionary liquidity effect of unemployment insurance and job match quality. We identify a big impact on subsidized unemployment duration and a small impact on wages on the job that follows the unemployment spell. Wage gains are heterogeneous and concentrated on individuals at the bottom of the pre-unemployment income distribution. The non-distortionary nature of the liquidity effect reduces the pressure on low-income workers to accept lower productivity jobs.

赡养系数与个人所得税税制改革

文章在估算城镇居民收入分布函数的基础上,对考虑家庭赡养系数的个人所得税税制改革的政策效果进行了模拟分析。结果发现,在保证个人所得税总税收收入基本不变的前提下,在扣除标准中考虑赡养系数后,中低收入家庭的所得税负担有所减轻,高收入家庭的税收负担相应加重;相当一部分中等收入家庭(占总人口11.44%)的边际税率下降了5个百分点,这对刺激就业有着积极的影响。因此,考虑赡养系数能够使个人所得税更好地体现税收公平并发挥调节收入分配的职能。     

劳动力转移与工资差距同时扩大的“悖论”研究——基于市场分割的视角

从市场分割的角度出发,对劳动力流动与工资差距同时扩大的"悖论"和中国市场化过程中的"迁移谜题"进行了深入分析,认为劳动力市场的地区分割和城乡分割导致了劳动者之间必然存在工资收入差距,而且即使存在劳动力转移,也不能使工资差距收敛。这种制度性偏好导致的劳动力市场分割,对劳动者工资收入差距的扩大起了推波助澜的作用,因此构建全国统一、自由竞争的劳动力市场是非常必要的,并提出有关的政策建议。     

Welfare Capitalism in Post-Industrial Times: Trilemma or Power Over Rents?

The structure of ‘post-industrial’ economies is widely held to be problematic for welfare capitalism, because of inherent limits to productivity growth in services compared to manufacturing. The so-called post-industrial trilemma is suggested to allow only two of relative earnings equality, high levels of employment and fiscal balance, and has resulted in the widespread policy belief that greater earnings inequality and welfare state retrenchment are unavoidable. This article challenges the micro foundations of this understanding, that the production of economic value is technologically determined by the physical properties inherent in goods and services. In contrast, we argue theoretically, and demonstrate empirically, that production, allocation and distribution are contingent processes better conceived in terms of ‘power over rents’ with associated externalities between sectors. Our analysis suggests that the post-industrial trilemma thesis may have unduly distracted research from the potential for redistributive politics to achieve sustainable levels of productivity growth, fiscal balance and higher levels of earnings equality.     

"效率工资"与保险代理问题

道德风险是保险业长期存在的难题.其中保险代理人欺诈问题在我国目前保险市场较为混乱、诚信体系尚未健全的情况下显得尤为突出.本文在建立代理人、委托人、自然先后行动的不完全信息动态博弈模型的基础上,结合"效率工资"理论,分析了保险公司如何激励保险代理人按照公司的利益行动的问题.在研究博弈的第二阶段--委托人选择时,本文进一步分析了委托人的代理成本问题,同时建立委托人最优监督水平模型.文章的最后,笔者结合文章模型的各个参数,提出了抑制代理人欺诈倾向的建议.     

Men earn less under working time accounts: a puzzle?

In recent years more and more working time accounts (WTA) have been introduced. From a theoretical perspective both employers and employees benefit from such an instrument. Indeed, empirical studies show that life satisfaction of workers is larger under a WTA regime than under a non-WTA regime. However, more detailed investigations in this article reveal wages to be lower for men under WTA regimes. Why should men accept WTA when they earn less? Subgroup analyses show that these results are only valid for some groups of individuals. Our analysis allows us to deliver some explanations and to exclude other possible reasons. The major results are: (1) High-income workers suffer higher losses; (2) the shorter the compensation period of WTA systems the lower the wage reduction imposed by WTA; (3) the length of total working time does not seem to affect the link between WTA and wages but the length of overtime; (4) men accept wage losses from WTA if they can adjust actual to desired working hours.     

外商直接投资对我国区域工资效应的实证分析

东部地区FDI对工资的促进作用不明显,甚至呈现一定程度上的负向效应,但是中西部地区的FDI对工资却存在长期的正向促进效应。东部地区工资增长的真正动力是FDI以外的因素,而劳动密集型的加工制造业,来源于中西部低于本地工资的劳动力资源,加深了这一趋势。