实现教育均等化的评价标准选择分析——基于西部省市数据实证检验

近几年来,中央和地方各级政府都把促进公共服务均等化作为工作的重要内容,并积极地采取了许多措施。通过对几种评价均等化的方法的总结,指出了其中的不足,然后采取了一种综合分析的方法来评价中国西部地区的教育公共服务的均等化情况,在此分析的基础上,提出了在评价均等化的过程中需要注意的一些问题。     

高职院校教师教学效能感与职业倦怠的特点及关系研究

本文以高职院校教师为对象,以修订的《高职教师职业倦怠量袁》、《高职教师教学效能感量表》为测量工具,研究发现高职教师的教学效能感处在中等偏上水平,高职教师的职业倦怠处在中等水平;并发现教学效能感对职业倦怠有显著的负性影响。     

Managing membership threats through collective efficacy

Individuals cope with membership-threatening situations in organizations through their level of collective efficacy. Basically, members' perception of the resourcefulness of the organization provides them with a strong basis from which to believe that they are collectively competent in handling unforeseen situations. To support this argument, this paper empirically analyzes two changing organizations in which high collective efficacy de facto lowers members' preoccupation with seeing features of the organization key for their membership disappear. These findings confirm previous work on the role of collective efficacy during general organizational threats and provide initial evidence of the importance of collective efficacy in containing membership threats in particular.     

Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a European-focused systematic literature review of disease burden

Abstract

Objective:

To conduct a systematic literature review to assess burden of disease and unmet medical needs in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation (IBS-C), with a focus on five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK).

Methods:

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and grey literature searches were carried out using terms for IBS and constipation, to identify studies reporting epidemiological, clinical, humanistic, or economic outcomes for IBS-C, published between 2000 and 2010.

Results:

Searches identified 885 unique abstracts and 33 supplementary articles, of which 100 publications and six grey literature sources met the inclusion criteria. Among patients with IBS, the prevalence estimates of IBS-C ranged from 1 to 44%. Co-morbid conditions, such as personality traits, psychological distress, and stress, were common. Patients with IBS-C had lower health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) compared with the general population, and clinical trials suggested that effectively treating IBS-C improves HRQoL. The European societal cost of IBS-C is largely unknown, as no IBS-C-specific European cost-of-illness studies were identified. Two cost analyses demonstrated the substantial societal impact of IBS-C, including reduced productivity at work and work absenteeism. Guidelines offered similar recommendations for the diagnosis and management of IBS; however, recommendations specifically for IBS-C varied by country. Current IBS-C treatment options have limited efficacy and the risk:benefit profile of early 5-HT₄ agonists restricts clinical use.

Conclusions:

This systematic review indicates a clear need for European-focused IBS-C burden-of-disease and cost-of-illness studies to address identified evidence gaps. There is a need for new therapies for IBS-C that are effective, well tolerated, and have a positive impact on HRQoL.     

中德不动产登记效力比较研究 ——以统一不动产登记效力体系构建为视角

研究目的:对中德不动产登记效力进行比较研究,为制定统一的不动产登记法提供理论支撑。研究方法:比较分析法、规范分析法、案例分析法。研究结果:与中国不动产登记相比,德国不动产登记在区分原则与公示原则的基础上具有统一的物权变动效力;具有明确、统一的权利顺位效力,能够在意思自治原则的基础上准确地解决多项不动产权利之间的冲突;具有以公信原则为基础的权利推定效力与公信力,与无因性原则一道构成了交易安全保护的铁壁铜墙;对于登记错误则赋予权利人以更正登记请求权等完善救济措施。研究结论:中国不动产登记法须从四方面完善不动产登记的效力体系:通过将登记对抗的物权变动统一于登记要件原则之下以进一步统一不动产登记的权利变动效力;强化不动产登记薄的权利推定效力与公信力;构建不动产登记薄的权利顺位效力;增设权利人的不动产登记更正请求权。     

The Impact of Normative Influence and Locus of Control on Ethical Judgments and Intentions: a Cross-Cultural Comparison

The study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in a cross-cultural setting, incorporating ethical judgments and locus of control in a comparison of Taiwanese and US businesspersons. A self-administered survey of 698 businesspersons from the US and Taiwan examined several hypothesized differences. Results indicate that while Taiwanese respondents have a more favorable attitude toward a requested bribe than US counterparts, and are less likely to view it as an ethical issue, their higher locus externality causes ethical judgments and behavioral intentions to conform to normative influences of in groups and superiors. In the Taiwanese sample, locus externality effectively functions as a countervailing pressure against the unethical behavior in the scenario. No such effect is found in the US sample. A path model fitted to the data shows that locus internals exhibit more consistency among attitudes, judgments, and behavioral intentions than locus externals. Implications for managers and researchers are discussed, and suggestions and precautions for development of efficacy-enhancement programs are offered.     

知识型员工工作压力的作用机制探索——以自我效能感为缓冲变量

本文通过问卷调研对在华的357位知识型员工的工作压力源、一般自我效能感、身心健康和工作满意度进行了探索性实证研究。通过多元回归分析发现，不同的工作压力源对员工的个人绩效影响不同，自我效能感在其中的作用也不同。具体为：（1）工作自主性对被试的中枢神经系统紧张状况、总体工作满意度以及薪酬满意度等具有显著的影响，自我效能感对于工作自主性和中枢神经系统紧张的关系有显著的负缓冲作用效果；（2）角色压力仅对总体工作满意度有显著影响，自我效能感积极缓冲着角色压力与被试中枢神经系统紧张状况之间的关系；（3）工作负荷对被试的中枢神经系统紧张状况以及总体工作满意度具有显著影响，自我效能感积极缓冲着角色压力与被试中枢神经系统紧张状况之间的关系；（4）工作决策压力对心理紧张和薪酬满意度具有显著影响，自我效能感在其中没有显著作用。     

Sequential clinical scheduling with patient no-show: The impact of pre-defined slot structures

This paper develops a sequential scheduling algorithm for consultation periods not divided into slots. Patients call a scheduler and request appointments with a specified provider. The scheduler provides the patient with an appointment time before the call terminates. In making the appointment, the scheduler cannot alter the appointments of previously scheduled patients. Service times are random and each scheduled patient has a probability of “no-showing” for the appointment. Each arriving patient generates a given amount of revenue, and costs are incurred from patient waiting and provider overtime. The scheduling method selects the calling patient's appointment time by minimizing the total expected cost. We prove that total expected cost is a convex function of appointment times and that the expected profit of the schedule is unimodal, which provides a unique stopping criterion for the scheduling algorithm. Computational studies compare this approach with no-show based sequential scheduling methods for out-patient clinics where a predefined slot structure is assumed. The new method yields higher expected profit and less overtime than when service periods are pre-divided into slots. Because slot scheduling is ingrained in healthcare, we use the model to design slot structures that account for no-show and service time variation.     

论服务型政府提高行政效能的路径选择

在全球经济一体化尤其是加入WTO的大背景下,中国的社会主义市场经济日益成熟,建设服务型政府随之提上日程.文章从服务型政府内涵入手,深入分析了加强行政效能建设与创建服务型政府之间的内在关系,指出了政府在行政效能建设方面存在的问题及其原因,得出由于政企不分、政事不分以及权力越位、错位、缺位等传统体制和惯性思维的制约,严重影响着我国的社会主义市场经济发展,行政效能建设有待进一步加强的结论,并提出了有关建议.     

顾客使用网上银行的前置因素研究——基于科技接受模型的观点

使用网上银行的顾客呈现愈来愈多的趋势,有必要对影响顾客使用网上银行的因素进行分析。文章在科技接受模型的基础上增加了主观规范、感知风险、感知娱乐性和自我效能等因素,构建了网上银行接受模型,对影响我国顾客使用网上银行的因素进行了实证研究。