浅议建立农地使用权流转机制

农村经济发展要求建立起土地使用权流转机制 ,促进土地合理流转和集中。当前已经有一些地方的农村自发进行了土地使用权流转的尝试。本文将在分析总结现有经验的基础上 ,提出建立和完善土地流转机制的思路 ,并探讨了与土地流转机制相关的一些问题。     

完善我国社会保障财政制度的法律思考

财政作为社会保障的核心组织者和保障资金的重要提供者，在社会保障中起有着十分重要而独特的作用。本文分析了建立和完善我国社会保障财政制度的必要性，并从社会保障预算、社会保障税、社会保障财政转移支付三个方面对我国社会保障财政制度的法律完善进行了探讨。     

基于计算机信息集成技术的房产管理信息系统

基于计算机信息集成技术的房产管理信息系统是房管部门实现房产管理现代化的一种重要途径。这种系统不但具有房产信息管理的输入、查询、检索、修改、计算、统计等一般功能，而且在信息集成技术的支持下还可以实现信息的数据集中、网络共享、并行处理、数据完整等优点。本详细探讨了这种基于计算机信息集成技术的房产信息管理系统系统分析、系统设计以及系统实施等几个重要开发过程的设计思想和作业内容，对计算机信息集成技术的相关内容也进行了一定介绍。     

Complementarity, coordination and compatibility: The role of fixed costs in the economics of systems

We analyze industry equilibrium and incentive to compatibility when goods produced by different producers generate utility only when consumed as component parts of a system. We assume the presence of two systems, each composed of some basic component and a set of differentiated complementary products. The combination of complementarity between the two components of the system and of fixed costs in the production of the complementary product results in a form of network effect. We focus on the role played by the size of the fixed costs in the production of the complementary products in determining the size of this system effect and, by this means, the structure and types of equilibria that may be observed: monopolistic or duopolistic, symmetric or asymmetric. We also highlight the consequence of the same fixed costs for the private and social incentives to render the systems compatible.     

我国人民代表大会行使预算监督权的制度缺陷分析

各级人大的预算监督是预算监督体系中最为重要的一环,但多年以来由于诸多原因,人大的预算监督职能被严重弱化,其在预算监督体系中的主体地位无法体现,甚至有让位于其他监督形式的趋势,这不能不引起我们的重视。本文着重分析了阻碍人大充分发挥其职能的种种制度缺陷,以期对相关法律制度的健全有所帮助。     

布雷顿森林体系Ⅱ：博弈均衡与中国的困境

如果把人民币汇率问题纳入“新布雷顿森林体系”的分析框架,通过分析“新布雷顿森林体系”的运行机制和其中的各方博弈,所能够得出的短期均衡结果是,美国继续进口亚洲商品,亚洲国家对美融资以保持美国国内旺盛的消费需求。但从长期来看,新布雷顿森林体系由于自身存在的制度性缺陷,最终会导致亚洲国家组建的对美融资“卡特尔”走向分裂。中国在这个卡塔尔与其破裂的预期中,面临三重困境需要突破。     

"三农"问题的财政对策思考--治标更要治本

"三农"问题是我国转型时期社会、经济、人口、资源、环境等诸多问题的汇聚点,是关系我国改革、发展和稳定大局的重大问题.解决"三农"问题不能满足于一时的效果,而是要考察其更深层次的原因,达到治标与治本相结合.为此,本文提出发展城市经济以吸纳农村劳动力;加大农村教育投入,进行农村人力资源开发;以及进行农村制度创新,彻底改善农业和农村发展的外部条件等财政经济对策以求得"三农"问题的最彻底解决.     

Accounting development in Pakistan

This paper examines the origins, growth, and the development of accounting practices and disclosures in Pakistan and the factors that influenced them. We trace the early days of accounting in the Indian subcontinent and discuss the British colonial influence. We examine the development of accounting in Pakistan through three eras: Independence through 1971, Post 1971-1984, and 1984 to present. We describe how the colonial past and later the international financial institutions such as the Asian Development Bank and the International Monetary Fund played key roles in shaping accounting and reporting practices of the country. Pakistan's adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards as national standards has not led to improvement in the quality of financial reporting. We argue that Pakistan, even though classified as a common law country in literature, exhibits most of the properties of code law countries. We conclude that lack of investor protection (e.g., minority rights protection, insider-trading protection), judicial inefficiencies, and weak enforcement mechanisms are more critical to explaining the state of financial reporting in Pakistan than are cultural factors. This insight has policy implications for developing countries that are making efforts to improve the quality of the financial reporting of their business entities.     

信用制度变迁下的票据市场功能演进与中小企业融资模式选择

商业信用是信用制度的基础,票据则是在商业信用基础上所产生的最有代表性的信用工具。随着信用制度的发展变迁,票据发展出汇兑、支付、结算、融资等功能。在发达市场经济条件下,票据的核心功能最终演化为融资。中国票据市场服务于中国经济市场化转型的需要,在解决中小企业融资方面发挥了重要作用,但票据市场制度体系也需要与时俱进进行修复调整。票交所作为票据市场重要的制度创新,推动票据市场从区域分割、信息不透明、以纸质票据和线下操作为主的传统市场向全国统一、安全高效、电子化的现代市场转型。在我国经济从高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,需要进一步加强票据市场基础设施建设和制度建设,深化票据市场为实体经济服务的功能,尤其是发挥好为中小企业融资的作用。