Measuring the Impact of Asymmetric Information: An Example from Energy Conservation

Asymmetric information has occupied a central role in theoretical microeconomics for almost two decades, but little has been done to ascertain when it matters in practice. The regulatory problem of promoting energy conservation offers an opportunity to ascertain if asymmetric information mattered and to what extent it altered outcomes. Regulators encouraged utilities to promote conservation, and while the regulators could observe conservation prices, they could not observe utilities' promotional efforts. A theoretical model of the regulatory asymmetric information problem yields propositions about the levels of conservation, prices and utility effort, and simulations with realistic parameters are used to determine asymmetric information's impact on these levels.     

基于不对称需求信息的激励机制模型研究

针对由单制造商和单销售商组成的供应链,提出了供应链双方需求信息对称情况下的激励机制模型,并在此基础上建立了供应链双方在需求信息不对称情况下的运作策略模型。制造商通过折扣,运用激励相容机制使销售商诚实申报需求信息,使得供应链利润最大化的同时供应链成员实现双赢。数字试验结果表明:①所提策略是有效的;②该策略不仅能提高制造商利润,而且也能改善销售商的利润。     

核心企业集约的多产品、多级供应链库存控制策略研究

在供应链环境及结构稳定情况下,供应链上的各节点企业,根据需求来调整相应的运作策略。基于多层供应商及供货产品为多品种且集约到一个核心企业的供应链网络,根据该供应链网络供需结构和特点分析了各节点的需求特征,得出了订货提前期为随机条件下的最佳库存费用,并利用各节点服务水平约束下的临界值及库存费用凸函数特性确定了供应链的运作策略。     

老年人的精神需求及其社会政策意义

养老问题实质上是老年人的需求与满足问题。精神需求是老年人需求的基本方面和重要内容。老年社会政策应关注老年人的精神需求,建立老年人精神支持和精神保障机制,以提高老年人生活质量,促进社会和谐与稳定。     

环渤海地区农村金融困境及一种可行的解决途径

造成环渤海地区农村金融困境的原因,微观而言,是金融供求的不平衡;而宏观因素则是农村金融体系资源配置功能的缺位.通过分析社区银行的特点,可以论证社区银行是解除环渤海地区农村金融困境的一种很好的模式.     

以新生入学指导与服务促高校学生事务管理

新生入学指导与服务是高校学生事务管理的首要环节,做好新生入学的指导与服务,对做好整个学生工作有着重要的指导意义。本文着重讨论新生入学指导与服务的需求分析、内容和方法。     

对"旅游需求"概念及其影响因子分析的深度认识

以“旅游需求”教学内容为研究对象，在对目前教材中混淆“旅游需求”与“旅游需求量”现象进行澄清的基础上，对已有的三种定义进行了利弊剖析，进而从旅游活动发生过程和社会进步角度，对旅游需求的因子进行了梳理和约束强弱分析。通过讨论文章指出，对旅游需求的认识不能简单化和静止化。     

扩大消费需求推进经济增长方式转变

消费需求与经济增长方式相互联系,相互制约.转变经济增长方式是现阶段居民消费需求状况的客观要求.当前,要充分发挥消费需求对经济增长方式的推动作用,促进经济增长方式转变.     

Testing separability of public consumption in household decisions

In this paper we propose a sequential strategy, based on the microeconomic approach of the demand theory, in order to test for separability between private and public consumption. The aim of the present work is to verify, using a conditional almost ideal demand system, whether the different components of public consumption exert conditioning effects on the allocative structure of private spending. The empirical estimation of the model and the separability tests are developed for both a demand system in five functional categories of private spending, and for a demand system in six categories, where the private expenditures on those goods and services which can also be offered by the public sector are enclosed in a single functional category. The results of the separability tests, obtained using UK data for the 1974–2000 period, show that public individual consumption plays an important role in modifying consumer choices, while public collective consumption does not affect private consumption behaviours. The relationships between the different components of private spending and public individual consumption are both of substitutability and complementarity; in particular, we find that public individual consumption and the corresponding private expenditures on ‘Health, education, recreation and social protection’ are complements.     

中国货币需求函数的协整分析

本文从目前中国货币需求现状出发,修正了1978年以来中国的货币需求函数,并运用协整分析对中国相关变量的年度数据(1978—2004年)进行实证分析,得出以下结论:在长期内,实际M1余额、实际GDP、一年期定期存款利率和货币化进程指数间存在协整关系;实际M2余额、实际GDP、商品零售物价指数和货币化指数间存在协整关系。在短期货币函数中,对货币需求的主要影响因素包括实际GDP和货币化进程,实际M1向均衡水平调整的速度要大于实际M2的调整速度,另外,短期货币需求函数不稳定。