不同竞合关系与企业创新选择互动演化研究

通过分析企业间的四种竞合关系如何影响企业开展渐进创新和突变创新,本文提出了基于不同创新选择的企业间两种竞合关系的构建策略。研究结果表明:孤立型的竞合关系使得企业更倾向于渐进创新而不是突变创新;斗争型的竞合关系使得企业更倾向于渐进创新而不是突变创新;伙伴型的竞合关系使得企业更倾向于突变创新而不是渐进创新;适应型的竞合关系使得企业更倾向于突变创新而不是渐进创新,同时专注于渐进创新的企业应当构建有利的竞争主导型的企业间竞合关系;专注于突变创新的企业应当通过构建有利的合作主导型的企业间竞合关系。     

高校大学生创业集群效应分析

文章从聚集效应、网络效应和竞争效应三个方面对大学生创业集群在培养大学生创业、创新、竞争力等各方面的作用进行阐述。     

Success and Internationalization: Analysis of the Textile Sector

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between business success and international involvement by examining international enterprises to see if they are more successful. To do this, 154 general managers in the textile sector were interviewed on two main groups of questions: (i) entry forms when going abroad; (ii) business results (sales, profit etc.) and competitive indicators (loyalty, satisfaction, image etc.) obtained.     

企业竞争情报是应对金融危机的一剂良药

席卷全球的金融危机爆发后，给人们的生活、生产带来了意想不到的困难。而依赖市场、资金的企业，发展更是步履维艰。如何规避风险，保持竞争活力，是各类企业需要着重研究和解决的问题。文章认为，善用企业竞争情报是应对金融危机的一剂良药。     

Women accountants: Is the grass greener outside the profession?

Studies of professional accountancy firms have indicated a complex process of internal socialisation which shapes the professional and organisational identities of the chartered accountants working within them. These processes have acted as a mechanism for excluding women, hindering their progress and facilitating their exit. Previous evidence suggests that women leave professional accountancy firms in order to accommodate more flexibility, experience less pressure, achieve consistency of hours and hence attain a better work/life balance.In this paper we seek to examine whether the gendered work practices of professional accountancy firms influence female choice to seek alternative employment outside the professional accountancy firm environment. Specifically the paper seeks to answer two research questions (1) why and when do women leave professional accountancy firms? (2) is the working environment outside professional accountancy firms less gendered?Data was collected by means of a postal questionnaire distributed in 2005 to women who had qualified in the years 1990–1995 (n = 1022). Responses were received from 370 women, of whom 100 were employed with professional accountancy firms and 270 employed within industry. In depth interviews were also conducted with 7 partners in professional accountancy firms and 6 women who had left the professional accountancy environment to pursue employment elsewhere.Whilst there was evidence that professional accountancy firms continue to reflect gendered working norms practices, rather than compound the dominant view, this study suggests that the primary reason women leave professional accountancy firms is to seek more interesting work as opposed to obtaining more flexibility in their working lives. In addition, the experiences of the women, the working patterns, and rates of progression were similar irrespective of employment type.     

The role of the market in transforming training and knowledge to superior performance: evidence from the Australian manufacturing sector

Training and development of employees increases the value and breadth of employee capabilities and knowledge, although this improvement, we suggest, cannot drive improved competitive performance in the absence of effective commercialisation of these capabilities. We propose and test a model of training and organisational performance, mediated by effective market engagement and transformation by firms. We find, as we anticipate, no direct link between training and performance, although there is a significant and positive path between training and performance when mediated through effective and contemporaneous market engagement.     

上海先进制造业发展现状、问题与对策

本文通过对上海制造业的数据比较,以及研发投入和专利情况的比较,发现上海在先进制造业方面存在创新体系不完善、高端人才短缺、先进制造业产业结构不合理等问题,并针对这些问题提出建议。     

Realising competitive advantage through HRM in New Zealand service industries

An emerging source of competitive advantage for service industries is the knowledge, skills and attitudes of their employees. Indeed, achievement of a ‘service quality’ culture, considered imperative for competitive advantage in service organisations, supposedly results from the use of best practice human resource management (HRM), and from a strategic approach to their implementation. This paper empirically explores the use of these dimensions of HRM as a source of competitive advantage. It finds high-performing service organisations actively engage best practices across the areas of recruitment and selection, training and development, communication and team working. Evidence of a strategic approach to the implementation of these practices is also found.     

Acceptance of buyout offers in the face of downsizing: empirical evidence from the Korean electronics industry

Using a sample of 812 employees in a major Korean electronics company, this study examines the predictors of acceptance of buyout incentives. As in the retirement research, the results here suggest that employees are more likely to accept buyouts the larger the size of the incentive, the older they are at the time of the offer and the poorer their health. However, in contrast to early retirement research, the results here suggest that it is the better performers, those whose spouses are still in the workforce and those who have already declined previous incentives who are most likely to accept buyout incentives in early and mid-career. This study also highlights five differences between American-based and Korean-based firms in their use of early buyout offers. Korean employees were more likely to accept buyout offers the higher their salary, while in the US salary and acceptance of such offers are typically inversely related. Also, while US firms focus on buyout incentives for older workers, Korean firms will often target workers in their thirties and forties. Korean firms typically offer one-time, lump-sum bonuses as departure incentives, whereas American firms are more likely to add years of age and/or service in calculating pension benefits. While US firms often offer some type of part-time employment contract to their early retirees, Korean firms often prohibit this arrangement. Finally, compared to the US, the greater stigma associated with interfirm mobility in Korea cuts against the acceptances of these offers.     

Currency depreciations and the U.S.–Italian trade balance: Industry-level estimates

As one of the indebted Southern European countries that have put pressure on the Euro in recent months, Italy would benefit from a reduction in its external trade deficit. One channel could be through a weakening of its currency—which would only work if the Euro depreciated against the currency of an outside importer, such as the U.S. dollar. This study examines the response of the trade balances of 106 individual industries to such depreciations, using annual data and applying cointegration analysis. We find that only 19 industries register a long-run improvement, with these concentrated in miscellaneous manufactures (SITC sector 8). Two major products in the automotive industry—petroleum and road motor vehicles, show evidence of a “J-curve” effect.