An international comparison of the determinants of retail gross margins

In this paper we compare the results of applying a new economic framework for the analysis of retail gross margins to 1982 interindustry retail data for France, Germany, and the U.S. Use of the same theoretical framework and econometric methodology separately for each of the three bodies of data yields robust empirical regularities with respect to functional form and the role of distribution services in explaining retail gross margins. An interesting feature of these results is that they arise despite substantial differences in classification and in the retail environment of the three countries.We thank E. Hoffnar and P. MacNeill for excellent research assistance. We acknowledge the financial support of INSEAD's R&D department for project R2135. We also thank the CSC at Maryland for support. Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the MIT Northeast Marketing Colloquium, the Simon Graduate School of Management at the University of Rochester, the Graduate School of Business at the University of Chicago, the Yale School of Organization and Management, the School of Business Administration at the University of Washington, and the Bureau of Economics of the Federal Trade Commission. We thank the participants in these seminars for their constructive criticisms. We are especially indebted to Peter Rossi of the University of Chicago, who provided us with helpful written comments, and to Herr Krockow of the Statistisches Bundesamt Wiesbaden, who provided us with unpublished data.     

人民币升值预期下的我国外汇储备增长实证分析

最近几年来我国外汇储备超常增长,人民币升值预期将在其中起重要作用的观点虽然被广泛认同,但对此的定量研究还非常欠缺。本文以境外人民币NDF汇率作为汇率预期指标,运用计量经济学方法对2000年至2005年月度外汇储备时间序列数据进行定量分析,结果表明人民币汇率预期对外汇储备快速积累起着极为重要的作用,同时外汇储备积累也是外向型经济发展的反映。     

论大科学时代的国际科技合作

随着大科学时代的到来，科学研究国际化趋势日益加强，本文分析了科技革命的新趋势、新特点赋予国际科技合作的新内涵、新方式，以及当前我国在国际科技合作中存在的问题，探讨在新的形势下如何更好的利用国内外两个市场、两种资源，提升我国的国际竞争力和影响力。     

国际战略联盟及其相关理论研究

就国际战略联盟的定义规范、与其他合作形式的区别及其相关的理论进行分析 ,指出多角度、跨学科地研究国际战略联盟是非常必要的。     

对我国金融业经营模式选择的思考

国际金融业混业经营已成定势，并显示出强大的生命力和竞争优势，我国金融业目前仍处于较严格的分业经营状态，不利于参与国际竞争和自身发展。深化和加快我国金融业经营机制尤其是金融法制的改革势在必行。     

The Pollution Terms of Trade

This paper introduces the concept of a ‘pollution terms of trade’ index. It measures the environmental gains or losses that a country sustains from engaging in international trade. The index distinguishes between the trade composition effect and the environmental technology effect. Calculations of the trade composition effect reveal a gap between developed and developing nations.     

An outcome-based assessment of international transfer pricing policy

Instead of concentrating on the selection of the optimal transfer pricing method, this paper focuses on the consequences of international transfer pricing for multinational entities. A sample of U.S.-based multinational firms is employed to determine if transfer pricing results in measurable financial outcomes. Results of the study indicate that firms employ international transfer pricing to meet a variety of objectives. The dollar value of international transfers and the foreign sales percentage are both significant explanatory variables for the financial outcomes of these objectives.     

Dynamic analysis of stock return volatility in an integrated international capital market

This paper examines the dynamic behavior of the stock return volatility for Canada, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The evidence indicates that international stock return volatility is mainly influenced by the U.S. stock return volatility and the exchange rate volatility, supporting the international capital market integration hypothesis. There seems to be some correlation between stock return volatility and macroeconomic volatility, but the effect is relatively weaker. In addition to the economic fundamentals, the noise component is found to be time varying, confirming the AR(MA)CH specifications in the stock return models.     

从国际经济学理论视角看企业竞争优势——兼议国际经济学优势思想的演进

本文通过回顾和分析国际经济学中国际贸易理论和国际直接投资理论优势思想的发展和]进,说明了理论研究可以通过对各种市场结构的细分,把优势分析引入到企业内部,并通过对分工、市场结构与交易费用之间的矛盾关系的深入研究,探讨内生优势与外生优势之间的对立统一关系,而企业竞争优势的培育则是一个建立在企业自身独特能力基础上的、综合利用企业内外部各种比较优势的动态累积发展过程。     

上市公司利用减值准备进行盈余管理的实证研究--以吉林省上市公司为例

上市公司于2001年1月1日起开始执行新的企业会计制度,新的会计制度与原会计制度相比最显著的变化就是在原来四项资产减值准备计提的基础上又增加四项减值准备。这八项减值准备的计提,充分体现了谨慎性原则对历史成本原则的修正,目的是为了挤出上市公司资产中的水分,保护所有者和债权人的利益,从而化解其投资风险。通过对吉林省上市公司八项资产减值准备计提情况的分析,可以反映出吉林省上市公司利用减值准备进行盈余管理的实际情况。