RISE OF VAR MODELLING APPROACH*

Abstract This paper surveys the rise of the Vector AutoRegressive (VAR) approach from a historical perspective. It shows that the VAR approach arises from a fusion of the Cowles Commission tradition and time series statistical methods, catalysed by the rational expectations (RE) movement, that the approach offers a systematic solution to the issue of ‘model choice’ bypassed by Cowles researchers, hence essentially inheriting and enhancing the Cowles legacy rather than abandoning or opposing it. By tackling model choice, however, the VAR approach helps reform econometrics by shifting the research focus from measurement of given theories to identification/verification of data‐coherent theories.     

经济学方法论中的“穆勒问题”及其解决尝试

＂穆勒问题＂出现以后,其在经济学方法论中的影响极为深远,后来诸多相关经济学方法论的争论大都围绕＂穆勒问题＂展开,而且毁誉参半。由于新古典经济理论与古典经济理论一样,既难于检验又难被确证,于是弗里德曼等便开始以新的方式尝试解决＂穆勒问题＂。＂穆勒问题＂的解决效果虽不容否定,但＂回到穆勒＂之现象也日趋强化了穆勒方法论的地位。     

‘Good’ case research in industrial marketing: Insights from research practice

The purpose of this article is to contribute to the emerging debate about the use of the case methodology in industrial marketing. We conducted a content analysis of the 145 case studies published in three key journals (Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing and Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing) over a 10-year period (1997-2006). The findings highlight the dominance of case research in qualitative industrial marketing research. They also lead us to distinguish between three different practices that influence perceptions of ‘good’ case research in this scholarly domain: ‘common’ practice, ‘best practice’ and ‘innovative’ practice. Our contribution lies in problematising what ‘good’ case research is, and showing how research practice - not just methodological literature - has a role in generating methodological conventions in a disciplinary field.     

Keynes’ Preface to the German Edition of the General Theory: Nazi Sympathies or Methodological Empathies?

In the (1936) preface to the German edition of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, Keynes contrasts his methodology with that of Classical laissez-faire economics. He also compares and contrasts his methodology with German economics, which members of the German Historical School had heavily influenced. Unfortunately, some view Keynes as arguing in this Preface that his theory could more deductively apply to fascism than to laissez-faire economies. This would suggest an endorsement of Nazism. Of course, any support offered for Nazism should be condemned. However, instead of displaying Nazi sympathies, this paper argues that the Preface more likely supports the widespread methodological rejection in German economics of deducing laissez-faire outcomes from Classical postulates. Furthermore, Keynes criticizes the more inductive approach of many German economists, and states that he provides them with the theoretical framework which they could deductively apply to their totalitarian economy. Keynes should be read as arguing that his theoretical framework would prove more applicable to a totalitarian system than would a theory based on Classical laissez-faire economics. Comments in the Preface which seem to some to support Nazism should be taken, then, as support for the applicability of his theory to such a system. Keynes’ methodological arguments in the prefaces to the other editions, which reflect his overall methodological approach in the General Theory, his familiarity with German economics, his support for liberal economic and political institutions, and his anti-Nazism, all support this alternative interpretation. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Midwest Economics Association Meetings in Chicago on March 16, 2008.     

国有企业改革中的重调战略与方法论研究

通过对国有企业现状的分析，总结了国有企业基本问题研究的三个出发点，提出改革国有企业的重凋战略及保证战略有效实施的方法论，特别是在方法论研究中，企业基本问题的要素结构分析法及战略导入点选择的生命周期法的提出，保证了实施的可行性。     

系统价值方法视角的大型工程项目设计阶段价值管理研究

综述了价值工程理论在国内外的研究和应用进展;阐述系统价值方法是适用于大型工程项目价值管理研究和实施的指导性理论方法,基于上述视角,提出大型工程项目设计阶段价值管理研究的内容、对象和任务的初步框架。     

Poverty Naturalized: Implications for Gender

The article illustrates how philosophical assumptions affect the theory, practice, and results of poverty analysis, to the potential detriment of women and girls. It links the income/consumption approach to poverty with naturalist normative theory, which developed historically from the moral theory of David Hume. It then traces the historical development of naturalist normative theory from Hume to modern utility theory and examines its links with the British empiricist tradition. Finally, it reviews some of the practical consequences for gender and argues that the philosophical baggage of the income/consumption poverty approach may ignore important issues for women and girls, thereby creating significant gender "gaps" in the analysis of deprivation.     

Colliding Employer‐Employee Perspectives of Employee Turnover: Evidence from a Born‐Global Industry

Set in the context of internationalization of the global division of labor, this article provides a deeper exploration of qualitative themes of conflicting accounts of employees’ reasons to quit and managerial strategies to prevent employee turnover in six business process outsourcing firms operating in India. Such differences in cognition and action between the two constituencies suggest that the decision to quit is not a linear and rational process as highlighted in most extant models of employee turnover. Our findings suggest that employees are attached more to a place or people they work with rather than the organization per se. Intergenerational differences between Generation Y knowledge workers and Generation X managers and the ineffectiveness of espoused human resource practices suggest the presence of “push” human resource management (HRM) systems. Our findings have implications for employee turnover models, intergenerational theory and high‐commitment HRM, and practitioners. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

再论案例研究法的属性、类型、功能与研究设计

文献荟萃分析与定量研究的导入,使现有质性—实证案例研究在属性、类型、功能与研究设计上发生了许多新变化,也在方法论界引起了许多争议。在梳理这些争议的基础上,提出了广义的案例研究概念。它意味着：将以案例研究为导向的文献荟萃分析（例如非实证多案例研究）与案例调查法纳入案例研究法;按研究资料获取方式或理论创新所处发展阶段,将案例研究类型划分为6种;将案例研究功能归纳为3种;将案例研究设计划分为3种,并为每种方法设计了7个研究步骤。此外,还提出了从非实证到实证、从理论建构到理论发展的全过程案例研究模型,供案例研究者参考。     

会计研究方法论体系探讨

会计研究方法论体系是一个由哲学方法论、会计研究一般方法论和会计研究具体方法论构成的结构体系.哲学方法论是会计研究方法论体系的基础,对于会计研究具有宏观指导作用.会计研究一般方法论是会计研究方法论体系的核心,对于会计研究起核心指导作用.会计研究具体方法论是会计研究方法论体系不可或缺的一部分,作为一般方法和会计研究之间的桥梁,使得一般方法同会计研究联系起来,增强了一般方法的可操作性.