地方本科高校申报国家自然科学基金项目之思考——以福建地方本科高校为例

地方本科高校申报国家自然科学基金的获准率普遍偏低，究其原因既包括高校本身的“软硬件”条件的欠缺，更重要的是申请人在选题及申请书撰写过程中存在的问题所致。地方本科高校如何根据学校实际情况，在基金委“二十四字方针”的指导下，充分发挥地方优势学科和特色等有利条件，摸索行之有效的申报策略，以求在基金项目获批资助上有所突破，文章以福建地方本科高校的申报经验为例，从科研管理工作的角度出发，在总结基金申报中常见的落选原因的基础上，提出高校应加大基础条件的建设力度，科研人员应进行创新型、特色型选题并认真撰写申请书等建议。     

美国高等教育规划及其参考价值

立法拨款是美国联邦政府早期调控高等教育发展的行之有效的方法。随着经济全球化和高等教育的国际化,联邦政府自20世纪90年代以来开始对全国高等教育制定统一的宏观规划,而国际化、多样化、跨学科等一直都是其高等教育发展的重要战略。但美国高等教育的全面规划是由州政府来执行的。美国政府的高等教育发展规划经验对现阶段我国中央政府制定宏观的教育规划、地方政府积极参与教育规划、确立全国规划重点等具有重要参考价值。     

Computer Simulation as a Tool for Planning and Management of Visitor Use in Protected Natural Areas

The United Nations Environment Programme’s Principles on Implementation of Sustainable Tourism suggest that implementing sustainable tourism must include monitoring visitor use of protected natural areas and directing it to areas where the environmental and social impacts of tourism are minimised. Thus, sustainable tourism management requires information about the spatial and temporal flow of visitor use in protected natural areas to help identify potential tourism-related threats to the natural and cultural resources of an area and the quality of visitors’ experiences. Recent research has identified at least four ways in which simulation modelling of visitor use can facilitate more informed planning and management of sustainable tourism in protected natural areas, including (1) describing existing visitor use flows; (2) monitoring the condition of ‘hard to measure’ indicator variables; (3) testing the effectiveness of alternative visitor use management practices; and (4) guiding the design of research on public attitudes. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate, using findings from studies conducted in the Inyo National Forest and Isle Royale National Park, USA, each of these four potential contributions of computer simulation to sustainable tourism management and planning. The paper concludes with an assessment of the limitations of existing applications of computer simulation to nature-based tourism and recommendations for future research.     

美国生物医学研究概况

美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）专司是美国唯一一家国家级公立生物医学研究机构，负责生物医学领域的研究和管理。在关联邦机构中，NIH掌管的研发经费仅次于国防部。本文对NIH的科研投入情况、资助计划和发展方向进行介绍和分析，旨在从宏观上把握美国生物医学的总体发展水平和重点方向。     

The relationship between airport image,national identity and passengers delight: A case study of the Malaysian low cost carrier terminal (LCCT)

This study examines the relationship between airport image and passengers delight in the context of a low cost carrier terminal in Malaysia. It also seeks to investigate the moderating effect of the airport's national identity on the predicted relationship between the two main constructs. The research, involving 200 passengers (foreign tourists), employed Hierarchical Moderated Regression as the main method of data analysis. The results revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between the airport image and passengers delight, and that national identity helps strengthen the relationship of the main effect.     

Adding a freight network to a national interstate input–output model: a TransNIEMO application for California

The state of the nation’s infrastructure is the subject of widespread discussion and comment because it is thought to include many deteriorating and unsafe bridges. Ever since the terrorist attacks of 9/11, there has been increasing concern over the extent to which an attack on infrastructure could result in serious economic disruption. This research develops a model to analyze the economic consequences of an attack on a major element of the highway network. We add a freight network to a national multiregional economic impact model and make freight traffic flows endogenous. The use of a sub-national interstate model recognizes that most infrastructure planning is at the state level and most political leaders’ interest is local. We base our approach on the National Interstate Economic Model (NIEMO) and refer to an elaboration that we name Transportation network and the National Interstate Economic Model (TransNIEMO). The new model enables us to study the state-specific and industry-specific economic impacts of some significant changes in the nature of highway freight movements. We tested the model for selected freight movements in and out of California. The results are entirely plausible and encourage us to elaborate and test the model for hypothetical disruptions of freight traffic throughout the US.     

深圳建设国家金融中心的战略构想

中国的巨大经济规模已对中国发展多层次、多中心的金融市场产生了日益强烈的客观需求,中国金融市场的发展也已具备支撑多个国家级金融中心的能力。深圳作为全国经济中心城市,有条件建设成为国家金融中心,并且能够跟香港、上海、北京等城市并行不悖地发展。     

Recreation and the Environment as Cultural Dimensions in Contemporary American Society

This paper broadly explores changing outdoor recreation demands, environmental opinions and demographics in the United States. With this country's population predicted to more than double by the end of this century, it is imperative that we understand these trends and their implications for better managing our natural environment and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation in that environment. Using national survey data, we have described differences in recreation behavior (participation) and environmental attitudes nationwide across six socio-demographic factors-race, country of birth, rural-urban residence, region of the country, age and income. Results indicate that demographic differences, recreation activity choices and people's environmental positions are linked.     

Can Poverty be Alleviated in China?

The 2000s witnessed the third poverty alleviation wave in China. Compared with its predecessors, the third wave distinguished itself by new interventions and redefined standards for the National Poor Counties. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the new program using a data set consisting of 1,411 of China's western and central counties from 2000 to 2010. It combines the propensity score matching method with the difference‐in‐differences approach, which helps to avoid selection bias and track the policy impact on variables of interest at each time point. It is found that the non‐western local governments tended to manipulate data on income and output growth to maintain the special transfer payments disbursed exclusively to the National Poor Counties. It is also shown that the program failed to improve the infrastructure and sanitary conditions in general.     

引入人口结构和社会保障因素的中国储蓄率模型

在对国民储蓄率的影响因素进行分析后,对经典的生命周期模型进行了拓展,引入了人口结构和社会保障两因素,从而构建了一个新的生命周期模型。在此基础上,对我国的国民储蓄率进行实证研究后发现,我国的人口结构确实会对国民储蓄率产生较显著的影响,而社会保障水平却对其影响不显著。