Which Way is “Up” in Upgrading? Trajectories of Change in the Value Chain for South African Wine

Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis uses the concept of upgrading to highlight paths for developing country firms to “move up the value chain,” usually through the lenses of four categories—product, process, functional, and inter-sectoral upgrading. The implicit normative expectation is that these firms move toward producing higher value-added products and/or take on more sophisticated functions along a value chain. In this article, upgrading is approached more broadly as “reaching a better deal,” including a balance between rewards and risk. The case study of South African wine shows that better product quality, improved processes, and some functional upgrading have co-existed with processes of “downgrading,” higher risks, and limited rewards, especially in traditional export markets. A reflection on further conceptual development and directions for empirical research is also provided.     

西部大开发10年信息化建设的回顾与展望

西部大开发以来,西部信息化建设在信息基础设施建设、信息资源建设、信息技术推广应用、信息产业发展、农村信息化建设等方面取得了巨大的成就。展望未来,西部地区信息化建设前景广阔。     

对我国西三角经济区县域特色产业发展的探究

西三角地区的经济发展对于我国西部大开发的成功具有举足轻重的作用,而特色产业作为一种具有高效联动作用的产业集群,对带动区域经济的发展十分重要。本文从该地区县域内特色产业发展的现状入手,在分析县域特色产业发展中取得的成绩和经验,独特的发展思路以及发展中存在问题的基础上,提出适合西三角地区县域特色产业发展的有效途径和可行的发展模式。     

农民专业合作经济组织发展的制约因素:基于企业家能力的视角

农民合作经济组织发展中存在着诸多问题,这些问题与企业家能力缺失都有一定的关系。本文从企业家能力的视角,分析了在企业家能力缺失的背景下,农民合作经济组织的发展困境,并提出通过建立企业家培育机制来破解这些问题的措施。     

试探IGF2和H19基因与韦伯综合征的关系

笔者就韦伯综合征（Beckwith Wiedemannsyndrome,BWS）的特征,及IGF2与H19印迹基因各自生物学生性、印迹状况以及与BWS疾病的关系展开了详尽阐述。     

Relationship regarding the demand for labor between domestic temporary and foreign workers: Korean case

With the progress of globalization, South Korea, one of the emerging industrial countries, has recently witnessed a sharp increase in the number of enterprises that employ foreigners. However, there are only a limited number of studies on the influence that such an increase has had on the labor market in the Republic of Korea. Thus, using ‘Workplace Panel Survey’ data surveyed by the Korea Labor Institute (KLI), this paper examines the relationship concerning the labor demand of an establishment between domestic temporary and foreign workers. Analysis using a bivariate Tobit model shows that a typical Korean firm attempts to employ domestic temporary and foreign workers simultaneously. Further, the empirical analysis found that any establishment that is relatively newly established and has difficulty in recruiting domestic workers hires foreign workers, but there is no evidence that establishments hire foreign workers rather than domestic temporary workers to save on the production cost.     

State wage-payment laws, the Pension Protection Act of 2006, and 401(k) saving behavior

I show empirically that state wage-payment laws, which forbid deductions from wages and salaries without the written permission of the employee, constituted a binding constraint on firms’ choices to adopt automatic enrollment in 401(k) plans prior to 2006.     

我国城乡收入差距的地区类型分析

改革开放以来,我国各地区的城乡收入差距均表现为扩大趋势,但由于各地区城乡发展条件的差异,各地区的城乡收入差距及其变化也表现为不同的类型。本文通过将反映各地区收入水平、工业化和城市化水平的变量进行聚类分析,将我国各地区的城乡收入差距划分为城乡高度协调型、城乡中度协调型、城乡低度协调型、城乡低度扭曲型、城乡中度扭曲型和城乡高度扭曲型共六种类型。各地区在1985-2006年期间,城乡收入差距的类型也并不是全部保持不变的,表现为有的地区城乡扭曲程度加剧,有的地区缓解,有的地区时而扭曲加剧、时而扭曲缓解,从而衍生为十种变化类型。这为我国中央和地方政府不是采取＂一刀切＂的政策措施,而是依据不同的城乡收入差距地区类型,有所侧重的治理城乡收入差距提供了参考依据。     

Research & development and growth: A Bayesian model averaging analysis

We examine the effect of research and development (R&D) on long-term economic growth using the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to deal rigorously with model uncertainty. Previous empirical studies, which applied BMA, investigated the effect of dozens of regressors on long-term growth, but they did not examine the effect of R&D due to data unavailability. We extend these studies by proposing to capture the investment in R&D by the number of Nobel prizes in science. Using our indicator, the estimates show that R&D exerts a positive effect on long-term growth. This result is robust to many different parameter and model prior structures as well as to alternative definitions of R&D indicator.     

Separating the Hawks from the Doves: Evidence from continuous time laboratory games

Human players in our laboratory experiment received flow payoffs over 120 seconds each period from a standard Hawk–Dove bimatrix game played in continuous time. Play converged closely to the symmetric mixed Nash equilibrium under a one-population matching protocol. When the same players were matched in a two-population protocol with the same bimatrix, they showed clear movement towards an asymmetric (and very inequitable) pure Nash equilibrium of the game. These findings support distinctive predictions of evolutionary game theory.