The impact of ICT patents on economic growth: An international evidence

This study aims to examine the impact of inventions, measured by the number of new patents, on economic growth. Specifically, we focus on patents in the ICT sector for a global sample of 43 economies, comprising 26 advanced and 17 emerging market economies in the period 1998 to 2016. We use a two-step system GMM to control for potential endogeneity in the data. Our results are threefold. First, total patents have mutually causal effects with economic growth, but there is no evidence of an impact of total patents on manufacturing sector growth. At the same time, ICT patents have a unidirectional causal impact on both, overall economic growth, and the growth of services and manufacturing. Second, the impact of total patents on economic growth is stronger in advanced economies. At the same time, ICT patents have a positive significant impact on the growth of advanced economies and a negative significant effect on the growth of emerging economies. Third, in the long-run, ICT patents have a positive significant impact on economic growth, while total patents do not.     

创新韧性对高技术产业创新的影响机制与特征研究

提出创新韧性的概念，认为创新韧性是创新面临外部冲击时保持系统稳定甚至进化为更高创新水平的能力，并以高技术产业为研究对象，探究创新韧性对高技术产业创新的影响机制，分析创新韧性对创新产出的影响大小、特征、规律。利用高技术产业数据，通过面板数据模型、面板门槛模型实证研究创新韧性与高技术产业创新产出的关系。结果表明，当前我国创新韧性对创新产出存在积极贡献；创新韧性与创新产出呈倒U型关系，创新韧性中等时对创新产出的影响最大；低创新产出下，创新韧性负向影响创新产出；创新韧性的弹性系数随研发经费、研发人员增加先减小后增大，中等研发投入时，创新韧性对创新产出的影响最小。     

Predicting success in entrepreneurial finance research

We study the relationship between buyout and venture capital (VC) funds’ returns, and more typically available proxies—exits via M&A or IPO. We further explore the effects of filters on the selection of M&As and IPOs (to emphasize successes), on the relationship. We show that some of these filters can reduce the count of exits by as much as 80% without significantly improving the correlation between exits and fund returns. We also show that for venture capital funds, counting acquisitions that are at least twice the amount of funding raised results in the best correlation between exits via an acquisition and fund returns. Finally, when the sample comprises young startups – that are perhaps not yet ready for any form of exit – follow-on funding, employment, website ranking, and patent activity can be used as proxies for exits in place of IPOs or acquisitions.     

投资潮涌背景下企业投资对创新绩效的影响——以战略性新兴产业为例

提升战略性新兴产业创新绩效，是增强我国创新能力的重要引擎。采用2008—2019年战略性新兴产业综合指数样本股企业数据，实证检验投资潮涌背景下战略性新兴产业新增投资对创新绩效的影响，将创新绩效分为创新产出与成果转化率，结果发现：第一，2010—2012年第一波投资潮涌与2015—2019年第二波投资潮涌下，企业投资均能有效促进创新产出。在先发优势作用下，第一波效果更为显著。第二，无论在投资潮涌前期还是后期，投资支出均有助于促进创新产出，且前期影响更显著，而在非投资潮涌阶段，投资支出对创新产出的影响不再显著。第三，对于任何类型的战略性新兴企业而言，企业投资对创新产出的影响均显著为正；劳动密集型企业、资源密集型企业、国有企业投资与创新成果转化率的关系均为倒U型，而对于技术密集型企业与非国有企业，两者关系呈正相关关系。     

简明标签与第二医药用途专利侵权认定：从规范构造到标准选择

第二医药用途发明可被专利已成为世界立法趋势。中国现有立法中狭义的第二医药用途专利可以获得专利保护。英美司法实践发展出主观意图测试、客观意图测试和外在表现测试3种侵权认定标准，分别对应过错和无过错侵权原则。中国需在原研药创新、仿制药产业和药品可及性三元平衡视角下，选择综合进路。在第二医药用途专利直接侵权认定标准上，应坚持无过错标准，仅考虑仿制药厂的简明标签行为是否符合法定要求，以此判断是否落入第二医药用途专利保护范围。在间接侵权认定上，应坚持过错标准和因果考察。     

Ubiquitous technologies and 5G development. Who is leading the race?

The introduction of the fifth generation of mobile technology (5G) is expected to bring disruptive changes. These changes will be much more pervasive than any previous introduction of new mobile ‘generations’ and they are expected to influence the whole economy. For this reason, the global rush for 5G technology is not only considered crucial in economic or technological terms, but also for its implications in terms of geopolitics, international policy and national security.This paper presents an analysis of the patents in the most relevant fields of specialization connected to the 5G development. The period under investigation is from 2010 to 2019, and the data are extracted from the European Patent Office (EPO) and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. The analysis shows how the technologies and the specialisations needed to develop 5G are in the hands of a few countries around the globe, and how single European countries, taken in isolation, are not among those leading players. However, Europe, considered as a whole, competes well with the US and Asia in terms of patented innovations, suggesting the economic and strategic relevance of strengthening cooperation within the EU.     

Do the Hamilton and Beveridge–Nelson filters provide the same information about output gaps? An empirical comparison for practitioners

I compare the empirical performances of the recently-developed Hamilton and Beveridge–Nelson filters of nonstationary time series, using quarterly data on real gross state product in U.S. states. There is meaningful overlap between the two filters, with average correlation coefficients ranging between 0.60 and 0.97. The Hamilton filter and its more recent modification produce cycles of greater volatility and amplitude than the Beveridge–Nelson filter and appear to outperform in pseudo-out-of-sample forecasting exercises of future GSP growth and inflation (though the outperformance is not generally statistically significant). The Beveridge–Nelson filter is, however, less sensitive to realizations of new data.