Failure by design – National mandates and agent control of local land use in China

This paper aims to fill the void in the literature by answering the following research question: to what extent has the Chinese central government institutionalized public participation for addressing the challenge of agent control of local land use in China? Focusing on the stated purposes, specified actors, and installed mechanisms of public participation and government accountability, an institutional analysis was conducted on the national land use regulations and policies enacted between 1947 and 2012. It was found, without institutionalized input and surveillance from bottom-up by individual citizens and civil society organizations (CSOs), the top-down approaches remained ineffective and land use was mainly left for manipulation by local governments. The rural-urban dichotomy and lack of institutionalized public participation in land use decision-making have compromised equal economic and social opportunity for farmers, eroded public trust in local governments, and led to social unrest. Thus, the central government needs not only to directly control the discharge of discretionary power by local governments, but also to empower the public for holding the government accountable for land use decisions.     

从劳动激励与监督机制看劳资关系

劳动激励与监督机制显示,在"资本雇佣劳动"体制下,由于资本追求利润最大化的决策模式,市场机制总是使得资本在对劳动的关系上趋于强势.改变这种格局的必然逻辑是资本的权力应当得到抑制,资本追求利润最大化的决策模式应当得到修正.     

Public Relations Autonomy, Legal Dominance, and Strategic Orientation as Predictors of Crisis Communicative Strategies

This article investigates the factors affecting how public relations autonomy, legal dominance, and strategic orientation affect crisis communicative response in corporate contexts. Communication managers, crisis managers, public affairs managers, and/or public relations managers were solicited from Taiwan’s top 500 companies to participate in a survey. The results revealed that, in contrast to public relations autonomy being the strongest and sole predictor of concession strategy, legal dominance could predict defensive and diversionary responses in crisis events. The article concludes with a discussion of practical applications and theoretical implications.     

Why is it so difficult? Trade liberalization under the Doha Agenda

Many explanations have been offered for the current difficultiesof the World Trade Organization (WTO). In fact, the system appearsto have managed many of these challenges reasonably well, includingthe increase in the number of members, its ‘mediaeval’decision-making procedures, the changing geopolitical environment,the rapid growth of preferential trade arrangements (PTAs),the complexity of its agreements, and concerns about erosionof unilateral preferences. By contrast, the near-exhaustionof the traditional fuel of industrial-country non-agriculturaltariffs, the increasing importance of non-trade concerns, andincomplete adjustment to a new, multi-polar negotiating systemappear to be important factors requiring further examination.     

从战略高度认识和深化与巴基斯坦的全面合作

巴基斯坦是我国西出印度洋、破解马六甲海峡困局的关键所在.我国是巴基斯坦的安全保证和经济发展的推动力.但中巴战略伙伴关系存在着巴方贸易逆差逐年扩大、我国对巴方投资不足和双边民间层面交流不足的结构性缺陷.本文对如何发展和深化中巴全方位战略伙伴关系提出了建议.     

粤商精神的辩证审视

探究粤商精神的方法应当遵循唯物辩证法的原则,多维度地审视与粤商精神相关的各种关系.其中主要有:广东人精神与粤商精神的关系、传统粤商精神与现代粤商精神的关系、粤商群体精神与粤商个体精神的关系、已然的粤商精神与应然的粤商精神的关系、粤商精神与其他相关商人精神的关系五个向度.粤商精神可概括为:崇商务实、争先变通、自主创业、好学求新、勤俭和谐.     

我国转轨时期政府俘获形成的微观机理研究——一项扎根理论研究方法的应用

笔者运用扎根理论,以制度理论、企业行为理论和交换理论为依据,对我国俘获者企业的高管进行深度访谈,从微观层面上分析我国转轨时期政府俘获的形成机制。在此基础上,构建了"制度—能动性—行为—关系"的政府俘获分析的新框架,在总结政府俘获的原因特征的同时,重点探讨为什么"关系"在我国政府俘获形成中有不可替代的重要性。     

The Training of Cadres in Communist China

The concept of environmental security, under the umbrella of regional comprehensive security, provides a common framework to support bilateral as well as multilateral initiatives on the nexus of environment‐security issues in Northeast Asia. These initiatives could provide the foundation upon which a common understanding and language, and common interests can be constructed on regional environmental and security issues. A consensus is to be built among key thinkers and opinion‐makers in the region. Attention is needed to the security implications of regional‐scale environmental degradation, and regional energy and environmental cooperation to address this degradation, thereby enhancing the multilateral institution‐building process in Northeast Asia. As in traditional security arena, the United States needs to take the leadership role in the management of environmental problems in Northeast Asia. While maintaining the U.S.‐Japan‐South Korea cooperation as a central axis for environmental security of Northeast Asia, the United States needs to formulate a clearly articulated, coherent China policy with explicit objectives and guidelines by which progress on a variety of issues could be measured.     

Electronic Commerce and the State Retail Sales Tax: A Challenge to American Federalism

Electronic commerce, by magnifying problems with the existing sales tax, has precipitated reexamination of basic precepts of fiscal federalism in the United States, not just taxation of remote sellers. This paper examines: key features of electronic commerce; the Internet Tax Freedom Act and the Commission it mandates; tax assignments in the United States; problems in assigning sales taxes to subnational governments; constitutional impediments to requiring remote vendors to collect sales and use taxes; tentative findings of the National Tax Association's project on taxation of electronic commerce; and implications of the current debate over taxation of electronic commerce for intergovernmental fiscal relations in the United States.