地方债发行能否推动实体企业高质量发展？——基于中国A股和新三板制造业上市公司数据的实证研究

对中国2015—2021年制造业上市公司财务报表和地方债数据的关系研究表明：地方债水平的提高能显著提升中国制造业企业全要素生产率。机制分析发现,地方债发行通过缓解融资约束、刺激企业加大研发投入,促进了制造业企业全要素生产率提升,但也减缓了高素质人才的积累。异质性分析发现,专项债比一般债更能显著提升制造业企业全要素生产率,并且地方债发行对提高大中型企业、国有企业、非劳动密集型企业、经济发达地区、低债务水平地区企业的全要素生产率的作用更加显著,进一步研究发现,地方债发行规模与企业高质量发展存在倒U型关系,地方债水平超过0.0773极值后,地方债发行会不利于企业全要素生产率提高,抑制企业高质量发展。研究结论对坚持通过地方债发行促进经济发展和企业高质量发展的政策具有重要现实意义。     

国家信用风险的传导与影响研究——以欧元区债务危机为例

本文以欧元区债务危机为例研究国家信用风险的传导效应,首先,基于“欧猪五国”相对德国的十年期国债利差数据,分析债务危机在欧元区境内风险传导效应;其次,运用GVAR模型分析世界主要经济体对欧元区冲击的反应,重点分析欧元区GDP冲击对欧元区自身以及贸易关系密切的英国、美国和中国的影响。结果表明:希腊和爱尔兰对各国家信用风险产生的累积影响最为显著,西班牙和意大利较弱;欧元区经济萎缩造成的需求冲击对英国、美国和中国均有显著影响。     

契约条款影响债券价格吗？——基于中国公司债市场的经验研究

本文着眼于债券契约条款具有保护债权人权利的本质属性,将公司债券的总价差分解为信用价差和非信用价差,通过手工整理数据,应用组合排序法及Fama-Macbeth方法,研究了债券契约条款对债券定价影响的途径和程度。结论表明:债券契约条款由于能够保护债权人的未来权益,减少债权人承担的风险,从而能够有效降低债券的信用价差和非信用价差,并且债券契约条款对信用价差的影响程度更大;通过信用价差和非信用价差两种影响效应的叠加,债券契约条款同样能够显著降低债券到期收益率的总价差。     

On Indexed Bonds and Aggregate Demand Elasticity

Bonds indexed to the price level or inflation have become popular and more common in the industrialized world. This paper examines the impact of indexed bonds on the price level elasticity of aggregate demand. With a model of aggregate demand based on the standard IS-LM framework and expanded to differentiate between bonds which are indexed to the price level and bonds which are not so indexed, we find that the existence of indexed bonds decreases the elasticity of aggregate demand with respect to the general price level.

劳动投资效率、企业性质与资产收益率

基于中国信用债券市场的近期违约事件,本文研究发现:涉事评级机构不仅没有因为涉及债券违约事件而收紧信用评级标准,反而更加高估企业的信用评级水平,并且涉及的债券违约事件越多,高估信用评级的程度越大。但投资者通过“用脚投票”方式惩罚了涉事评级机构,导致其市场份额相对于非涉事评级机构出现显著下降或者增长较低的态势,同时涉事评级机构的信用评级意见对于降低企业融资成本的作用显著降低。     

人民币离岸债券信用风险实证评估研究

近年来,人民币离岸债券市场发展迅速,其已成为发展最为成熟的人民币离岸子市场。目前,信用风险是人民币离岸债券面临的主要风险。本文以香港人民币离岸债券市场为例,运用KMV模型对人民币离岸债券信用风险进行了实证评估,观察和比较了不同主体发行的债券信用风险,分析了现阶段人民币离岸债券信用风险程度。     

Bond pricing when the short-term interest rate follows a threshold process

This paper derives analytical solutions for arbitrage-free bond yields when the short-term interest rate follows an autoregressive process with the intercept switching endogenously. This process from the SETAR family is especially suited to capture the near-unit-root behaviour typically observed in the evolution of short-term interest rates. The derived yield functions, mapping the one-month rate into n-period yields, exhibit a convex/concave shape to the left and right of the threshold value, respectively, a pattern which is also found in US bond yield data. The longer the time to maturity, the more distinct the nonlinearity of the yield function becomes.     

A mean/variance approach to long-term fixed-income portfolio allocation

Abstract

Long-term investments in bonds offer known returns, but with risks corresponding to defaults of the underwriters. The excess return for a risky bond is measured by the spread between the expected yield and the risk-free rate. Similarly, the risk can be expressed in the form of a default spread, measuring the difference between the yield when no default occurs and the expected yield. For zero-coupon bonds and for actual market data, the default spread is proportional to the probability of default per year. The analysis of market data shows that the yield spread scales as the square root of the default spread. This relation expresses the risk premium over the risk-free rate that the bond market offers, similarly to the risk premium for equities. With these measures for risk and return, an optimal bond allocation scheme can be built following a mean/variance utility function. Straightforward computations allow us to obtain the optimal portfolio, depending on a pre-set risk-aversion level. As for equities, the optimal portfolio is a linear combination of one risk-free bond and a risky portfolio. Using the scaling law for the default spread allows us to obtain simple expressions for the value, yield and risk of the optimal portfolio.     

广西非金融企业债券融资现状及发展建议

广西非金融企业债券融资工具偏少,发行规模小,债券融资占比低,发展缓慢。究其原因是多方面的,有企业发行主体本身的内部因素,也有国家宏观政策环境和广西债券发行环境等方面的外部因素,文章在分析了影响广西非金融企业债券融资的主要相关因素的基础上提出了相应的发展建议。     

The predictive accuracy of credit ratings: Measurement and statistical inference

Credit ratings are ordinal predictions of the default risk of an obligor. The most commonly used measure for evaluating their predictive accuracy is the Accuracy Ratio, or equivalently, the area under the ROC curve. The disadvantages of these measures are that they treat default as a binary variable, thus neglecting the timing of default events, and they fail to use all of the information available from censored observations. We present an alternative measure which is related to the Accuracy Ratio but does not suffer from these drawbacks. As a second contribution, we study statistical inference for the Accuracy Ratio and the proposed measure in the case of multiple cohorts of obligors with overlapping lifetimes. We derive methods which use more sample information and lead to tests which are more powerful than alternatives which filter just the independent part of the dataset. All procedures are illustrated in the empirical section using a dataset of S&P Credit Ratings.