马克思经济增长模型中的特征值及其理论蕴涵

为了借鉴现代经济增长模型的数量方法对马克思经济增长理论的研究,本文基于马克思两部类经济增长模型的特殊结构,将特征值方法探索运用于对其的研究。通过解析两个部类积累相互约束的关系,以及每个部类新创造价值增长与本部类积累和两个部类结构参数之间的关系,获得两个部类新创造价值的唯一特征值,也就是唯一的均衡发展速度。给出与特征值对应的全社会和每个部类积累率算式,指出产生特征值的模型结构条件,以及特征值的最大值。从经济均衡和非均衡增长的视角,通过与哈罗德经济增长模型的对比分析,阐述了马克思两部类经济增长模型中的特征值的理论蕴涵。最后引用和借鉴《资本论》中的举例,对所论析做了算例验证。     

Supply structure: The pendulum in action

Using an in-depth longitudinal case study based on an “historical retrospective”, this article focuses on how some factors (“drivers”) set into motion the pendulum of change in supply structures, a research theme neglected in the supply field. It examines, over a 20-year period, the changes made to the supply structure of a well-known organization. The data comes mainly from: (a) semi-structured interviews with 21 managers and professionals within eight operating units, and (b) documentary analyses of the archives. This article shows how to map structural changes of the supply function, while explaining the nature and the causes of these changes. Understanding the pendulum movement from one supply structure to another can be very valuable, as well for academics as for managers.     

中国劳动力错配对TFP的影响分析

文章利用一个资源错配对TFP影响的核算框架和中国改革开放30年的宏观经济、产业相关数据,估算了当前中国农业部门就业比重过大对全要素生产率产生的影响。结果显示,改革以来,劳动力错配对TFP有着明显的负效应,以不同的指标计算,在-2%到-18%之间,并呈逐渐扩大趋势。这种负的效应随着发展和改革的历程有明显的波动趋势;把总效应分解为工资差异效应和部门份额效应以后,显示中国当前的劳动力错配对TFP产生的负效应主要是由于部门间的工资差异所致。     

国有企业与非国有企业信贷约束的差异研究——基于现金一现金流敏感度的分析

根据现有理论,国有企业和非国有企业信贷约束的差异是理解中国经济失衡的关键,本文利用近年来公司金融文献中提出的现金一现金流敏感度的分析方法,以中国A股上市企业1990—2010年的数据为样本,研究了中国国有企业与非国有企业存在着的信贷约束差异。其基本计量模型回归结果表明,非国有企业的信贷约束更强,而国有企业则不存在信贷约束。随后,采取的稳健性检验结果表明非国有企业受到了信贷约束,而国有企业则没有受到信贷约束这一结论具有稳健性。     

Revisiting the risk/return relations in the Asian Pacific markets: New evidence from alternative models

This paper examines the risk/return relations in eleven Asian Pacific stock markets and explores if the 1997 Asian financial crisis significantly influenced market behavior in the region. We use a plain vanilla time-series regression approach as well as various GARCH models. Although results significantly vary across model specifications, the overall evidence from GARCH models supports a significantly positive risk/return relation in several markets but only prior to the Asian financial crisis. These results accord with Glosten et al. (1993) and Harvey (2001) and suggest that the relative risk aversion is sensitive to both model specifications and structural breaks.     

Comparing theories to explain e-commerce adoption

E-commerce is a strategy for rapid growth, especially by small and medium sized businesses (SMEs). However, the adoption rate of e-commerce by SMEs in Latin America is still undersized. The authors compare the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the theory of reasoned action (TRA) using structural equation modeling to determine which is better at predicting e-commerce adoption intentions among 210 SME managers/owners in Chile. Contrary to previous research with American respondents, the study does not find significant differences between the two theories. Thus, academics should select the more parsimonious model (TRA) to study e-commerce adoption issues in developing countries.     

When do B2B brands influence the decision making of organizational buyers? An examination of the relationship between purchase risk and brand sensitivity

The dominant perspective on organizational buying behavior suggests that buyers tend to rely on objective criteria when making product choice decisions and that the potential influence of subjective cues, such as brands, on buyer decision making decreases with increasing risk. An alternative perspective, confirmed in this study by in-depth interviews with various managers, suggests that brands serve as a risk-reduction heuristic, whereby the influence of brands on decision making increases as a function of risk. Building on risk and information processing theories, this research builds on these complementary perspectives to propose that risk and brand sensitivity relate in a U-shaped manner, where brand sensitivity is highest in relatively low- or high-risk situations. The results of scenario- and survey-based field studies—involving 206 and 180 members of buying centers, respectively—suggest that both perspectives have merit and support the proposed nonlinear relationship. Moreover, the findings reveal that the risk-brand sensitivity relationship is moderated by competitive intensity, such that the linear (negative) and quadratic (positive) effects are stronger when competitive intensity is low.     

On structural inelasticity of modal substitution in freight transport

At the European level there is an increasing focus on how freight transport can be moved from trucks on roads to more environmentally friendly modes such as rail and ship. A large proportion of the transport services between OD pairs, however, cannot be substituted since there is only one alternative available. The paper investigates the magnitude of this “structural inelasticity” of modal substitution in freight transport due to a sparser layout of rail and ship-based freight networks compared to road. In the analysis we use a recent Scandinavian freight demand model covering more than 800 zones. We find that the structural inelasticity is very significant - in particular for transportation over less than 500 km. Moreover, the inelasticity varies greatly with commodity groups and between OD pairs, and it depends strongly on the port and rail infrastructure. The results suggest that pure charging instruments (road pricing for trucks) in many regions will have limited mode substitution impacts. However, if combined with structural changes in terms of improved infrastructure for rail and ship, impacts may be greater.     

建立我国贸易调整援助制度的构想

随着我国加快融入全球贸易自由化的进程,日趋激烈的进口竞争致使国内相关产业的安全问题越来越突出,所以我国需要制定新的贸易制度以有效应对因进口贸易自由化而产生的产业损害和结构调整问题。作为制度选择之一,美国贸易调整援助制度给我国带来了重要的经验启示,某些具体规则对构建符合国情的TAA制度具有重要的借鉴价值。在当下加快产业结构调整的背景下,构建我国TAA制度不仅是必要的,而且是可行的。因此,必须对该制度的几个基础性、根本性的问题进行深入研究,从立法定位、立法目标、基本原则与立法模式的角度提出制度设计的基本设想。     

建立我国贸易调整援助制度的构想

随着我国加快融入全球贸易自由化的进程,日趋激烈的进口竞争致使国内相关产业的安全问题越来越突出,所以我国需要制定新的贸易制度以有效应对因进口贸易自由化而产生的产业损害和结构调整问题。作为制度选择之一,美国贸易调整援助制度给我国带来了重要的经验启示,某些具体规则对构建符合国情的TAA制度具有重要的借鉴价值。在当下加快产业结构调整的背景下,构建我国TAA制度不仅是必要的,而且是可行的。因此,必须对该制度的几个基础性、根本性的问题进行深入研究,从立法定位、立法目标、基本原则与立法模式的角度提出制度设计的基本设想。