Nitrate pollution control under soil heterogeneity

This article presents results on measures to abate nitrogen pollution when soil heterogeneity is considered by using a dynamic model of corn production. Several policy options for the control of nitrate pollution are evaluated by their cost efficiency. While results show that a nitrogen standard or tax is a good second-best control instrument, neglecting dynamics may lead to the wrong choice of instrument. Other important findings for the design of nonpoint pollution policy measures are that water pricing, as advocated by the Water Framework Directive, is inefficient as a pollution abatement tool, and differentiating control measures by soil type enhances welfare, although welfare gains may be small.     

广西装备制造业发展现状与战略

总体上看,广西的装备业在全国处于较弱的地位,专业水平较低、相对效率偏低,只有极少数行业有一定的优势,因此广西装备业的发展应立足优势行业重点,培育有潜力的行业形成新的增长点,由此要对区内装备业统一布局、规划、协调,推动区内装备业企业重组、兼并,优化资源配置。     

Efficient strategy-proof allocation functions in linear production economies

Summary. In a linear production model, we characterize the class of efficient and strategy-proof allocation functions, and the class of efficient and coalition strategy-proof allocation functions. In the former class, requiring equal treatment of equals allows us to identify a unique allocation function. This function is also the unique member of the latter class which satisfies uniform treatment of uniforms. Received: July 10, 1997 / Revised version: November 24, 1997     

目标加权与经济增长绩效

在高投入型增长模式下，如何提高经济增长绩效？本文提出的理论模型认为，规划者目标应在追求资本存量和追求消费之间加权。当该目标权重由过于偏向资本存量向消费水平转变．经济增长绩效得到提高。通过模型推导和模拟表明，在最优路径上，当目标权重向消费转移时。必须同时保持积累率稳定的增长幅度。     

智力资本的投资效率

智力资本是能够增加企业价值的无形资源,在价值创造过程中,企业投入货币资金,形成智力资本,产出企业价值。对以企业价值最大化为目标的现代企业来说,智力资本的投资效率是企业智力资本管理中的核心问题之一。本文以新古典经济学的投入产出理论为基础,从智力资本的资本性与互补性入手,分析了智力资本的单一投资效率与组合投资效率,提出最优投资效率的评价标准。     

论当前我国收人分配领域的几个问题

近年来由于收入分配差距持续扩大,使我国收入分配领域中的贫富差距、生产要素按贡献参与分配、部分先富与共同富裕的关系、效率与公平的关系等问题凸现,如何认识和处理这些问题,关系到我国改革和发展的大业,需要进行认真的探讨,寻求对策.     

开辟中国第四产业——创新产业

本文基于超广义资源的观点提出将创新作为第四产业来发展的思路;提出创新成果是一种超广义资源,对创新应当给予报酬,并且把它当作一种产业来发展。对创新成果的利用应当给以征收超广义资源税,从而解决高科技行业高利润和贫富悬殊,及创新工作投入不足问题,有效解决就业问题,特别是大学生和研究生的就业问题,利于中国企业能够应对WTO的挑战,以及解决减少农业税带来的财政收入空缺。     

A Quarter of a Century of Performance Auditing in the Australian Federal Public Sector: A Malleable Masque

Utilizing Porter's (1981) theoretical framework for historical narrative analysis, this article examines the history of performance auditing in the Australian federal public sector. The analysis considers four crucial events in the period 1973-98 the Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration (1976), the Australian National Audit Office efficiency audit developments (1979), the Joint Committee of Public Accounts Inquiry (1989), and the struggles over the passage of the Audit Act 1997. The analysis supports the proposition that performance auditing is a malleable social construct rather than a definitive performance review technology. The construction of its technological basis has been contested, with several concepts being included or excluded by various groups. These have both reflected and influenced agendas and activities at individual, organizational, institutional, sociopolitical and socioeconomic levels in the Australian public sector. Performance auditing is therefore revealed as a masque that ultimately may defy any universal technical definition.     

资源基础观、内部控制效率与企业成长

本文在回顾产权视角内部控制效率文献及其局限性分析的基础上,从资源基础观这一新的视角来剖析内部控制效率,将资源基础理论与企业成长理论纳入到企业内部控制效率的分析框架,即企业内部控制模式的配置行为和效率不仅是基于产权理论节约交易成本的效率性行为,更是基于资源基础理论追求持续成长优势的战略性行为,从而在企业内部控制战略模式的效率标准和效率方式上提出了新的观点。     

A proposal for more sophisticated normative principles in introductory economics

Introductory textbooks teach a simple normative story about the importance of maximizing economic surplus that supports common policy claims. There is little defense of the claim that maximizing surplus is normatively important, which is not obvious to non-economists. Difficulties with the claim that society should maximize surplus are generally not addressed. Economists are thus frequently criticized by non-economists for having a poor moral foundation for our normative claims. We should tell a more sophisticated normative story that justifies the moral importance of surplus, but acknowledges that other moral values may conflict with generating surplus and that distribution is not always separable from efficiency. This would allow students to make more compelling arguments in favor of normative positions they accept, regardless of the values they hold.