组织公平与信任对知识共享的影响研究

文章基于初创小微型企业的组织公平和信任对知识共享的重要性,对组织公平和信任对知识共享影响机制的研究现状进行了梳理和分析,构建了初创小微型企业组织公平和信任对知识共享影响机制的概念模型,采用初创小微型企业的调查数据,对模型和变量间关系进行了实证检验。实证研究结果表明:初创小微型企业程序公平与同事信任对知识共享意愿无显著正向影响关系,而制度公平对知识共享意愿有显著正向影响关系;员工对主管信任对知识共享意愿有显著正向影响关系;员工对组织信任对知识共享意愿有显著正向影响关系。基于实证结果,初创小微型企业通过组织公平和信任来促进知识共享,初创小微型企业要从培养员工与主管、员工与组织彼此间信任关系;鼓励员工提案或建议制度,建立公开的提案制度并维护制度公平,同时配合奖励政策;公开化及透明化的管理决策过程,提高初创小微型企业员工对公平的认知,最终提升初创小微型企业员工的知识共享意愿。     

Knowledge assets and firm international performance

This paper investigates how intangible knowledge assets impact upon firm international performance through the analysis of a sample of 290 European listed companies. We draw upon the knowledge-based view of the firm, and argue that more knowledge assets have a positive impact on foreign sales intensity, but only a up to a point. The inverse quadratic relationship found suggests that it is necessary to balance knowledge assets with complementary assets in order to achieve a higher degree of international performance. Furthermore we also suggest that externally-generated knowledge assets may have a positive impact upon international performance, but that the impact will be mediated by the possession of internally generated knowledge assets.     

Knowledge creation capability in MNC subsidiaries: Examining the roles of global and local knowledge inflows and subsidiary knowledge stocks

Grounded in knowledge-based theories of the multinational corporation (MNC) and building on organizational learning literature, this paper develops and tests a model of MNC subsidiaries’ knowledge creation capability as a joint function of knowledge inflows to subsidiaries and their knowledge stocks (i.e., subsidiaries’ internal human, social, and organizational capital). Survey-based data from 106 subsidiaries located in the U.S. suggests that local (i.e., host country) knowledge inflows to a subsidiary are more effective in enhancing a subsidiary's knowledge creation capability compared to global knowledge inflows from other units of the same MNC. Furthermore, results point to a not-invented-here syndrome in the exploitation of knowledge sourced from the parent company; such that when a subsidiary's internal social capital is high, the relationship between global knowledge inflows and knowledge creation capability is negative and when it is low, the relationship becomes positive.     

Team deep-level diversity,relationship conflict,and team members' affective reactions: A cross-level investigation

Drawing from recent advances in the study of deep-level diversity in work teams and the similarity–attraction paradigm, this study examines the ways in which diversity in personality characteristics and preference for teamwork among team members influences the relationship between relationship conflict and subsequent team member affective reactions. Using a longitudinal, multilevel sample of 53 teams (260 respondents), results reveal that similarity or homogeneity in agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability weakens the negative influence of relationship conflict on team member affective reactions, while heterogeneity in extraversion and preference for teamwork also weakens these relationships. A discussion of theoretical and practical implications follows.     

共享经济驱动传统产业创新升级路径研究：多层次视角分析框架

基于对共享经济“服务性”特征分析，运用多层次视角分析框架，构建共享经济业态下传统产业创新升级路径层次，分析路径层级要素、职能及特征，讨论共享经济促进传统产业创新升级的动力机制。模拟出传统产业创新实现的层次路径模型，以江浙沪三地共享服务型创新企业的发展状况为基础，假设算例对模型进行验证。结果发现：共享经济驱动产业创新发展良性路径实现是以小生境创新种群的竞合关系为基础，重视各层级内部及不同层级间协同大于竞争的关系培育，积极发挥共享型商业平台的介质作用，提升平台开放水平、优化规制方法，建立适应共享新业态的信用体系，完善制度约束，从而优化促进变量和抑制变量之间的调节比值。     

制度距离对中国上市公司跨国并购绩效的影响

跨国并购是现阶段中国企业“走出去”的重要模式。随着中国企业跨国并购事件的迅速增长，从制度距离层面对跨国并购整合效果与并购绩效的研究成为热点。然而，不同学者对制度距离影响跨国并购绩效的实证研究却得出不同结论，其作用机制与效果仍待进一步探究。以中国上市公司成功实施的60起跨国并购案例为研究样本，以样本企业并购事件发生前后两年总资产收益率变化为因变量，通过剖析制度距离不同层面及并购母公司国际经验与知识吸收能力的中介作用，明确了制度距离不同维度影响跨国并购绩效的路径与机制。     

Subsidiary knowledge creation in co-evolving contexts

In this paper we explore how the MNE subsidiary’s role internally within its corporation evolves through knowledge creation in accordance with an evolving external local knowledge network, and the extent to which the interwoven coevolving context matters for, and may be guided by the subsidiary. We conducted a qualitative investigation of purposely selected subsidiaries as case studies and longitudinally tracked the interwoven co-evolving contexts of their internal corporate role and external knowledge network. We show why role evolution may be differential and illustrate how competence-creating subsidiaries can balance and simultaneously manage the guided co-evolution of both contexts to advance their roles for knowledge creation. We develop a dynamic framework of subsidiary role evolution at the nexus of these interwoven co-evolving contexts. This advances theory on the dual embedded subsidiary as previous studies have predominantly been cross-sectional and static rather than evolutionary.     

At the temporary-permanent interface: Overcoming knowledge boundaries with boundary objects

There is no shortage of literature on managing complex projects. However, we lack an understanding of projects in which the complexity goes beyond technical, financial and time-related challenges. We report on two Nordic business school accreditation projects, where the major management challenge is the knowledge boundaries institutionalized deep into the ethos of the schools. We focus on the project team’s use of boundary objects – a communication device across social groups – to expose and overcome knowledge boundaries materializing at temporary-permanent interface. We identify three progressively more challenging boundary object uses: informative, interactive and integrative. Consequently, we suggest a dynamic approach to boundary objects wherein their use evolves throughout the project life span as a consequence of the lived “in situ” experiences.     

差错汇报是福是祸?员工差错汇报的多重后效探究

犯错在工作中并不鲜见。在犯错之后,员工常担心揭露自我差错会带来消极影响,从而更倾向于掩盖差错。但是,汇报自我差错是否一定带来消极影响呢?本研究构建了差错汇报的多重后效模型,从三个方面分析差错汇报的影响效果。具体地,本研究提出差错汇报可以通过降低员工的反刍和焦虑感,从而提升工作满意度;差错汇报虽然会降低领导对下属的能力评价,从而降低领导信任,但差错汇报同样会提高领导对下属的正直评价,进而提高领导信任;差错汇报还可以提高成员反思,促进团队反思氛围建立,进而提升团队任务绩效和团队创造力。差错严重性反映了所犯差错可能带来的后果,会作为重要的边界条件进一步影响上述关系。通过对差错汇报多重后效模型的构建,本研究有助于形成对个体差错汇报影响效果的系统把握,也为员工在工作中出现差错后的应对方式提供参考。     

The influence of sharing versus self-use on the preference for different types of promotional offers

Sharing, which refers to giving something you have to someone else, is one of the most ubiquitous forms of human behavior in the world. Everyone experiences it in various situations, including buying food. Nonetheless, although buying something to share with others is quite common in our daily lives, most consumer research on buying focuses on the condition of “self-use” rather than “sharing.” The main purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of promotional offers on consumers' purchase decisions when buying food for self-use/sharing with others. The authors conducted four experiments to answer the main research questions. The results indicated that consumers prefer “price discounts” over “bonus packs” when the shopping task relates to self-use due to their concern about “loss reduction.” In contrast, they prefer bonus packs over price discounts when the shopping task relates to sharing with others because of their focus on “extra gains.” In addition, consumers’ perceived responsibility is a moderator. When perceived responsibility is low and the purchase is for self-use (sharing with others), price discounts (bonus pack) are favored over bonus packs (price discounts). However, when perceived responsibility is high, consumer preference to promotional offers are not significant different either in self-use or sharing with others condition. It seems that role of responsibility is influential when the shopping task relates to self-use. This study not only contributes to a deeper understanding of consumer psychology but will also be beneficial to practitioners in designing effective promotional strategies that consider motives for food shopping.