从《建筑施工技术》课程中培养学生土建施工技术能力的教学分析

《建筑施工技术》课程是土建类及相关专业的主干技术课,也是培养土建施工技术人员的最主要专业技术课。传统板书式讲授教学已无法满足当前培养具有土建施工技术能力要求的教学目标。由此,对《建筑施工技术》课程的教学方法和教学内容设置进行教学分析和探讨,从而把我们的学生培养成符合时代要求的技术应用型人才。     

高职模拟电子技术课程改革评述

通过对近年来模拟电子技术课程改革尝试的传统教学、理论与实验分离教学、教学做合一教学三种模式进行了梳理与分析,并总结了三种教学模式的优缺点,以期对高职模拟电子技术课程的改革有一定的借鉴作用。     

MLP ensembles improve long term prediction accuracy over single networks

This work describes an award winning approach for solving the NN3 Forecasting Competition problem, focusing on the sound experimental validation of its main innovative feature. The NN3 forecasting task consisted of predicting 18 future values of 111 short monthly time series. The main feature of the approach was the use of the median for combining the forecasts of an ensemble of 15 MLPs to predict each time series. Experimental comparison to a single MLP shows that the ensemble increases the performance accuracy for multiple-step ahead forecasting. This system performed well on the withheld data, having finished as the second best solution of the competition with an SMAPE of 16.17%.     

技术差距、“干中学”的国别分离与发展中国家的技术进步

假定发展中国家同时进行自主创新和国外技术模仿,运用学习模型分析框架,探讨技术模仿、技术差距、自主创新对发展中国家技术进步的影响。理论分析表明,当发展中国家与发达国家的技术水平差距较大时,发展中国家主要采用技术模仿来缩小与发达国家间的差距。但随着技术差距不断缩小,发展中国家在技术引进的基础上,采用干中学向干中学加工的转换模式,形成自主创新体系。本文运用1990~2008年中美时间序列数据,实证检验了技术模仿、自主创新与技术进步间的关系。发现技术模仿和自主创新的加强是促进我国技术进步的重要变量,而技术差距对我国技术进步具有负面影响。     

Forecasting national activity using lots of international predictors: An application to New Zealand

We assess the marginal predictive content of a large international dataset for forecasting GDP in New Zealand, an archetypal small open economy. We apply “data-rich” factor and shrinkage methods to efficiently handle hundreds of predictor series from many countries. The methods covered are principal components, targeted predictors, weighted principal components, partial least squares, elastic net and ridge regression. We find that exploiting a large international dataset can improve forecasts relative to data-rich approaches based on a large national dataset only, and also relative to more traditional approaches based on small datasets. This is in spite of New Zealand’s business and consumer confidence and expectations data capturing a substantial proportion of the predictive information in the international data. The largest forecasting accuracy gains from including international predictors are at longer forecast horizons. The forecasting performance achievable with the data-rich methods differs widely, with shrinkage methods and partial least squares performing best in handling the international data.     

丹麦公共研发机构专利技术转移研究

专利技术转移是公共研发机构进行技术转移活动的重要方式之一。作为技术转移活动开展得比较好的欧盟国家之一,丹麦公共研发机构的专利技术转移活动十分活跃。首先介绍了丹麦关于技术转移的法律法规、公共研发机构的概况以及丹麦国家技术转移协会,并分析了丹麦技术转移中心的全职人员数量和知识背景情况;然后研究了专利申请和专利技术转移的具体情况,包括了专利申请数量、专利授权数量、有效的专利数量、专利许可协议数量、有效的专利许可数量和专利许可收入这6个方面;最后,指出了其对我国大学和科研机构专利技术转移活动的启示。     

法律、投资者保护与企业自主创新

本文在法与金融的理论框架内,研究了法律、中小投资者保护与企业创新的关系,并基于2004--2008年517家中国上市公司的数据,从R＆D投入和专利申请两个维度进行了实证检验。结果表明,有关中小投资者法律保护的良好立法与有效实施能够推进企业的技术创新;立法水平的提升,不仅可以增加上市公司的R＆D投入,而且能够提高上市公司的技术创新效率即专利申请的数量;执法对企业的研发投人没有显著影响,加强执法主要有助于增加企业的专利申请数量;作为司法权力具体行使主体的法院执法对企业的R＆D投入和专利申请均无显著影响。执法对企业创新的促进作用主要体现在证监会的行政执法上,证监会行政执法对企业技术创新的影响要显著高于法院执法对企业技术创新的影响。本文还就如何提高上市公司的技术创新能力提出了相应的政策建议。     

我国西部能源产业技术溢出与产业集聚累积循环效应的实证研究

本文选择我国西部石油天然气产业和煤炭产业为研究样本,对我国西部能源产业的技术溢出与产业集聚的累积循环效应进行了实证检验。研究结果表明：①西部地区能源产业技术溢出与产业集聚之间存在着累积循环效应;②资源禀赋差异是我国西部能源产业集聚的首要影响因素,而技术溢出、劳动力集聚以及中间投入要素的集中也与能源产业的集聚存在正相关关系,这与新经济地理学派观点相一致;③西部地区能源产业集聚水平、竞争程度、专业化程度以及西部地区产业的分散化程度与其技术溢出水平显著相关。因此,只要构建好西部能源产业创新平台,就可以充分发挥产业集聚与技术溢出之间的正反馈作用,从而促进西部地区由能源优势向产业优势进而向经济优势的转化,以实现我国区域经济的协调发展。     

A conceptual framework for misfit technology commercialization

The emerging literature on outbound open innovation has highlighted innovation processes, which presuppose active outward technology transfer to increase firm profits. To contribute to this discourse, our paper goes beyond the emphasis on core-related technologies and knowledge that currently dominates the technology management literature and develops the novel concept of misfit technology. This concept captures technologies that are not aligned with a focal firm's current knowledge base and/or business model, but which may still be of great value to the firm if alternative commercialization options are considered. By developing a framework that acknowledges (1) Sources of misfit technology, (2) Environmental uncertainty, (3) Organizational slack, (4) Industry appropriability regime and (5) Technological complexity, we theorize on how different modes of commercialization relate to misfit technology commercialization success. The paper is conceptual and is presented with the purpose to spawn further research on this important topic, but simultaneously touches upon the issues of utmost relevance to R&D management practice.     

On transformation of public sector research: A preliminary post-STBL assessment in Taiwan

The paper examines the impact of the Science and Technology Basic Law (STBL) enactment of 1999 on the transformation of public sector research (PSR) in Taiwan. The paper proposes a research framework to assess the changes on PSR mainly through four dimensions: (1) new infrastructure build-up, (2) industrial research links, (3) patenting and licensing, and (4) industrial education/training. Nine research hypotheses are developed. Based on the survey data of 107 PSR establishments, the paper reveals that Taiwan PSR has experienced a burgeoning infrastructure build-up and a more active partnership with industry in the post-STBL period. However, the paper argues that the scientific-economic transformation of PSR in Taiwan tends to develop better “industrial collaborative research and training capabilities” than “patenting and licensing capabilities” in the preliminary post-STBL period. The divergence on patenting, licensing and partnership capabilities still persists between experienced PSREs and non-experienced ones, suggesting a learning effect. These findings provide crucial policy implications to delineate appropriate roles of PSR in the new scientific-economic regime.