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151.
Jasmina I. Ivanova Eleanor Hayes-Larson Rachael A. Sorg Howard G. Birnbaum Todd Berner 《Journal of medical economics》2014,17(10):741-750
Objectives:To compare the healthcare costs of patients with overactive bladder (OAB) who switch vs persist on anti-muscarinic agents (AMs), describe resource use and costs among OAB patients who discontinue AMs, and assess factors associated with persisting vs switching or discontinuing.Methods:OAB patients initiating an AM between January 1, 2007 and March 31, 2012 were identified from a claims database of US privately insured beneficiaries (n?≈?16 million) and required to have no AM claims in the 12 months before AM initiation (baseline period). Patients were classified as persisters, switchers, or discontinuers, and assigned a study index date based on their AM use in the 6 months following initiation. Baseline characteristics, resource use, and costs were compared between persisters and the other groups. Resource use and costs in the 1 month before and 6 months after the study index date (for switchers, the date of index AM switching; for persisters, a randomly assigned date to reflect the distribution of the time from AM initiation to switching among switchers) were also compared between persisters and switchers in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Factors associated with persisting vs switching or discontinuing were assessed.Results:After controlling for baseline characteristics and costs, persisters vs switchers had significantly lower all-cause and OAB-related costs in both the month before (all-cause $1222 vs $1759, OAB-related $142 vs $170) and 6 months after the study index date (all-cause $7017 vs $8806, OAB-related $642 vs $797). Factors associated with switching or discontinuing vs persisting included index AM, younger age, and history of UTI.Conclusion:A large proportion of OAB patients discontinue or switch AMs shortly after initiation, and switching is associated with higher costs. 相似文献
152.
取消农业税以法律废止的形式为城乡的融合消除了人为设置的坚固屏障,体现了公平正义的法治理想,取消农业税是法治社会对农民国民待遇的确认,而作为法治治理的最基层形式的乡村治理,也随着农业税的废止将形成全新的乡村法治结构.分析取消农业税的法治意蕴对研究农民的权益保障和构建社会主义新农村建设的法律对策有着及其重要的现实作用和理论意义. 相似文献
153.
《Telecommunications Policy》2022,46(5):102331
I analyze a quasi-natural experiment of fiber broadband rollout in a rural German county and investigate the impact on real estate values. I find that there are strong and significant effects of fiber broadband deployment, which indicate relevant personal benefits for customers. These findings add to the literature on the evaluation of broadband infrastructure investment. 相似文献