The heterogeneous green vehicle routing and scheduling problem with time-varying traffic congestion

The green vehicle routing and scheduling problem (GVRSP) aims to minimize green-house gas emissions in logistics systems through better planning of deliveries/pickups made by a fleet of vehicles. We define a new mixed integer liner programming (MIP) model which considers heterogeneous vehicles, time-varying traffic congestion, customer/vehicle time window constraints, the impact of vehicle loads on emissions, and vehicle capacity/range constraints in the GVRSP. The proposed model allows vehicles to stop on arcs, which is shown to reduce emissions up to additional 8% on simulated data. A hybrid algorithm of MIP and iterated neighborhood search is proposed to solve the problem.     

A tabu search heuristic for the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem on a multigraph

We study a time-constrained heterogeneous vehicle routing problem on a multigraph where parallel arcs between pairs of vertices represent different travel options based on criteria such as time, cost, and distance. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear programming model and develop a tabu search heuristic that efficiently addresses computational challenges due to parallel arcs. Numerical experiments show that the heuristic is highly effective and that freight operators can achieve advantages in cost and customer service by considering alternative paths, especially when route duration limits are restrictive and/or when vehicles of smaller capacity are dispatched to serve remote customers.     

Planning towing processes at airports more efficiently

This paper addresses the towing process of airplanes as part of the turnaround process. We introduce a VRP based MIP model which assigns different types of towing tractors to jobs with specified service time windows. The objective function minimizes operating costs subject to operational restrictions such as technical compatibility of tractor types with plane types. Our modeling approach allows for multiple depots as well as multiple trips. To solve the model we develop a column generation heuristic. Computational results show the superior behavior of the proposed heuristic compared to the original MIP formulation solved with CPLEX. In a case study we derive insights which support schedulers in their daily work. For this, we identify cost drivers and evaluate the efficiency of manual schedules in retrospect.     

Integrated inventory-transportation model by synchronizing delivery and production cycles

This paper develops an integrated single-vendor multi-buyer inventory-transportation synchronized supply chain model. In this paper, the decisions of truck assignment and routing are also considered and as a result, a series of vehicle routing problems (VRP) are required to be solved. Due to the highly complicated objective function and the NP-hard VRP problems, the problem cannot be solved analytically. Hence, meta-heuristics are proposed. By means of the numerical examples and a case study, the meta-heuristics developed are shown to be very effective in solving such comprehensive supply chain models, and the results so obtained are promising.     

Where are the electric vehicles? A spatial model for vehicle-choice count data

Electric vehicles (EVs) are predicted to increase in market share as auto manufacturers introduce more fuel efficient vehicles to meet stricter fuel economy mandates and fossil fuel costs remain unpredictable. Reflecting spatial autocorrelation while controlling for a variety of demographic and locational (e.g., built environment) attributes, the zone-level spatial count model in this paper offers valuable information for power providers and charging station location decisions. By anticipating over 745,000 personal-vehicle registrations across a sample of 1000 census block groups in the Philadelphia region, a trivariate Poisson-lognormal conditional autoregressive (CAR) model anticipates Prius hybrid EV, other EV, and conventional vehicle ownership levels. Initial results signal higher EV ownership rates in more central zones with higher household incomes, along with significant residual spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that spatially-correlated latent variables and/or peer (neighbor) effects on purchase decisions are present. Such data sets will become more comprehensive and informative as EV market shares rise. This work’s multivariate Poisson-lognormal CAR modeling approach offers a rigorous, behaviorally-defensible framework for spatial patterns in choice behavior.     

司法解释在机动车辆保险合同中的应用性研究

最高人民法院先后发布《道路交通事故损害赔偿案件司法解释》和《保险法司法解释（二）》两个司法解释,完善了保险合同的法律规则和经营规则,规范了保险合同涉法涉诉中的统一性和裁判性,增强了保险经营实务实践中的针对性和操作性.本文基于与司法解释关联度和影响度最高的机动车辆保险合同,开展保险合同涉法涉诉中“如实告知、明确说明、免责条款”等争议焦点问题及保险经营实务实践中“保险产品、承保规程、理赔规程”等业务管理问题的应用性研究,评论司法解释的优劣,反思司法解释过度保护问题.     

美国四轮全地形车标准新旧版本差异分析与研究

全地形车(All Terrain Vehicle,简称ATV)是我国近年来发展迅猛的新兴车型,产品主要用于出口,而美国是我国全地形车主要出口对象国之一。本文通过对美国四轮ATV强制性安全标准ANSI/SVIA-1新旧版本的分析研究,阐述了我国ATV产品在设计、配置和性能等方面面临的技术壁垒,这对我国ATV产品出口美国具有重要指导意义。     

闭环物流系统的成本因素分析

根据定位-配给。运输车辆安排，定位运输，定位-路径-库存等问题概念给出了此类问题的国内外研究现状，并结合闭环物流系统特征，给出闭环物流系统中关于选址-路径-库存问题的研究思路及成本因素分析。     

A local bicycle helmet ‘law’ in a Swedish municipality – the structure and process of initiation and implementation

On May 1, 1996, the Municipality of Motala in Sweden introduced a local bicycle helmet ‘law.’ It is, however, not an official law in a legal sense, but a municipally endorsed recommendation supported by promotional activities. This ‘law’ applies to children (ages 6–12), although the objective is to increase helmet use among cyclists of all ages. The study is a qualitative evaluation of the structure and process during initiation and implementation of the Motala bicycle helmet law. The aim was to describe the activities that were carried out, which actors took part and the opinions of the most closely involved actors. The results are based on analysis of written material and on interviews with eight of the actors. The mass media focused much attention on the bicycle helmet law, especially during the first six months after its introduction. The name helmet law was presumably of significance in this context. It is essential that relevant target groups provide sufficient support and that committed individuals initiate and promote the work, which, however, must not become dependent on a single individual. All issues concerning bicycle helmets should be coordinated with the law. Also, continuous engagement of the municipal government and a strategy for the control and follow-up of the law are needed. Local bicycle helmet laws of this type have a potential to produce a long-lasting effect on helmet use, provided some of the problems encountered can be avoided and some of the promotional activities are intensified.     

Mobility or mobilities: Terrestrial, virtual and aerial categories or entities?

This article attempts to assess the three leading categories of mobility: terrestrial, virtual and aerial, in order to see whether they constitute categories of a single entity of mobility, or alternatively, they constitute three distinct entities of mobility. This exercise is of significance because of the tendency to refer to ‘mobility’ in a rather general sense. Coping with this question, we will, first, put it within a review of relevant concepts and structures. Then, we will elaborate on the distinct features of each of the three mobility categories through their comparison, highlighting mainly differences among them. This will be followed by a presentation of a somehow opposite perspective through the examination of convergences among the three categories of mobility. These two discussions will lead us to view mobility as one single entity consisting of three categories, since all the three categories are IT-based and IT-dependent, and given that they all share a similar model of mobility cycles for both moving people and mobility systems. Using this approach we will compare terrestrial public and personal mobilities, as well as aerial and virtual mobilities, followed by a discussion on implications of a single general mobility model.