日本特有的企业经营管理模式探析

日本的终身雇佣制是日本社会发展的特有的产物,被称为日本特有的经营管理模式,在战后日本经济的发展中发挥了巨大的作用。近年来,这一管理模式在日本社会中开始动摇,有的企业表示不再坚持这一管理制度,有的企业则仍然相信其为企业带来的经济效益。因此,文章对其存在的价值进行了剖析。     

Who should own it? An agency‐based explanation for multi‐outlet ownership and co‐location in plural form franchising

Plural forms exist when managers use two owners to perform one activity. Franchising is a plural form explained by agency theory, however, the theory is unable to explain two franchisor actions: 1) allowing franchisees to own multiple outlets and 2) co‐locating company‐owned and franchised outlets. We use research that describes a symbiosis between company‐owned and franchised outlets to extend agency theory and explain these actions. Our investigation of ownership patterns among 4,339 outlets of 16 plural form franchisors is consistent with our theory that multi‐outlet franchising is cost efficient and that co‐location occurs when franchisors fill market gaps left by franchisees. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

运输定价的基本理论及其比较分析

详细介绍了运输成本导向定价论、运输需求导向定价论和运输竞争导向定价论各自包含的特色定价方法及定价依据,指明它们分别主要以运输成本、运输需求和市场竞争作为定价的依据,可以说各有利弊。通过对各种定价理论的比较分析,指出在实际应用中,更多应考虑三种定价理论的有机结合。     

新形势下基于情境理论的全视角员工管理

员工管理是企业管理的重要组成部分。在当前快速变化的市场环境里,企业员工管理工作面临着新的挑战和机遇。文章提出了基于情境理论的全视角员工管理理念,并从员工层面、管理人员层面和公司层面对其进行了阐述。     

二元性失业的根源分析

从2008年开始，中国又一次面临比较沉重的就业压力，这次的就业压力具有其突出的特点，是在劳动力供给数量并未出现大幅度增长情况下的二元性失业。从表面上看，沉重的就业压力是以美国次贷危机为起点的世界性金融危机的结果，但其深层次原因却在于分工受阻导致的劳动力吸收能力下降，因此，为分工扩张创造更大的空间，采取以深化分工为导向的政策措施，提升分工水平是解决当前二元性失业问题的基本途径。     

Downtown parking meter demand in a border metropolitan economy

Prior research establishes that the price of parking in the city centre often impacts the decision to travel downtown and the mode of transportation utilized. Other factors that influence the decision to drive and park downtown have received less attention. This study uses time series data to analyse the demand for metered parking spaces in El Paso, Texas, USA. In addition to meter rates, the determinants of demand include personal income, gasoline prices and the price of a substitute good, parking garage spaces. Because international bridges connect downtown El Paso to neighbouring Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, the impacts of trans-boundary traffic flows, bridge tolls and other cross-border economic variables are also included as potential determinants of metered parking demand. Results indicate that parking meter rates, other transportation-related costs, and economic conditions in both countries affect meter use.     

The Scholarship of Teaching Economics

The authors report on the results of a telephone survey of 1,001 employees of seven large corporations conducted for the Business Roundtable as part of its public policy program. A set of 20 questions keyed to the Voluntary National Content Standards in Economics was embedded in the survey. A measure of economic literacy was constructed from the survey results. Greater economic literacy was associated with more overall education, more college economics coursework, high incomes, and being male. An examination of individual test questions revealed that previous college economics had substantial effects on employees' current economic literacy.     

Financial resource availability and corporate social responsibility expenditures in a sub‐Saharan economy: The institutional difference hypothesis

Studies done in developed economies have demonstrated a positive relationship between financial resource availability and CSR. Arguments that we term the Institutional Difference Hypothesis (IDH) drawn from the institutional literature, however, suggest that institutional differences between developed and developing economies are likely to result in different CSR implications. Integrating the logic of IDH with insights from slack resources theory, we argue that there exists a negative relationship between financial resource availability and CSR expenditures for firms in Ghana, a sub‐Saharan African emerging economy. We use lagged data from the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre and find that Return on Sales, Return on Equity, and Net Profitability were consistently associated with lower CSR expenditures. We highlight the implications of our findings for research and managers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Structural Model of Leisure Constraints Negotiation in Outdoor Recreation

A conceptual model tested the leisure constraints negotiation process of outdoor recreation: motivation and the constraints to participate likely influenced by negotiation efforts. Higher motivation to participate encourages using negotiation strategies and resources to overcome constraints. Experiencing constraints was thought to trigger negotiation efforts. Drawing from social cognitive theory, negotiation-efficacy was proposed to encourage motivation, diminish the perception of constraints and promote negotiation efforts, which indirectly influenced positive participation. The model tested used data collected from a random sample of Arizona residents through hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results support the conceptual model and suggest the constraints negotiation process is a dynamic interaction of influences promoting outdoor recreation participation.