从公共财政角度看缩小我国贫富差距

公共财政是与市场经济相适应的财政模式,公共财政不完善的市场经济也不是完善的市场经济。从公共财政的功能来看,财政理应在缩小贫富差距方面发挥主要作用,但是目前我国财政在这方面的实际表现却不尽如人意。文章认为,合理界定财政支出范围,理顺财政分配顺序,调整财政支出的区域结构,减少行政经费支出,加大对社会保障、＂三农＂领域和分配的支持与调节,是缩小我国贫富差距的路径。     

对物业税公平功能的思考

物业税是一种财产税,因而在理论上具有调节贫富差距的公平功能。但实践中物业税能否发挥该功能,取决于其税负归宿是否具有累进性。在当前我国贫富差距持续拉大、现行税制体系公平功能缺失的背景下,应充分重视物业税的公平功能。以下政策建议将有助于物业税公平功能的发挥:将土地价值与房产价值合并为物业税课税对象;统一内外资企业房地产税制,实现平等国民待遇;扩大物业税征税范围;实行"双轨制"税率;统一以市场评估价值为计税依据。     

收入差距与两极分化

“两极分化”是就贫富“两极”而言的,是指贫富两极的一种变化趋势,是差距已经很大的贫富两极在一定时期内反向发展的一种趋势。两极分化在我国不仅具有可能性,而且事实上已经存在。两极分化不是目的,共同富裕才是我们的奋斗目标。我们能够通过进一步深化改革特别是反腐败消除两极分化。     

Top Wealth Shares in Australia 1915–2012

Combining data from surveys, inheritance tax records, and rich lists, we estimate top wealth shares for Australia from World War I until the present day. We find that the top 1 percent share declined by two‐thirds from 1915 until the late 1960s, and rose from the late 1970s to 2010. The recent increase is sharpest at the top of the distribution, with the top 0.001 percent wealth share tripling from 1984 to 2012. The trend in top wealth shares is similar to that in Australian top income shares (though the drop in the first half of the twentieth century is larger for wealth than income shares). Since the early twentieth century, top wealth shares in Australia have been lower than in the U.K. and U.S.     

民众动员视野下的中共与富农——以鄂豫皖苏区为中心的考察（1927～1932年）

鄂豫皖苏区富农政策形成与共产国际、中共中央及革命场域民众动员需要有莫大关系,而不同时期富农政策贯彻执行的过程中,又会形成相异的中共与富农博弈情况。总体而言,中共在乡村与富农总的博弈轨迹是,前期中共动员农民,包括联合富农打击能够拉动农民心弦的革命组织敌人豪绅地主、贪官污吏等,后期随着共产国际指导下的中共富农政策转变,同时也为满足民众动员的需要,中共逐渐从联合富农走到联合、动员贫雇农、中农打压富农上面来。因此在整个鄂豫皖苏区革命运动中,中共与富农经历了一个从合作、半合作到富农抗争及全面受控的过程。纵观该革命场域不断“左”倾化的富农政策及其实践造成的中共与富农相异博弈关系,透视出苏维埃乡村革命时期中共民众动员策略并不精细,此时还是一种全赢全输的排他性零和博弈。     

地下库低氧富氮结合惰性粉储粮技术探索

通过对地下库包装粮垛分别采用低氧富氮、低氧富氮结合惰性粉两种储藏技术实验的效果对比,低氧富氮技术结合惰性粉相对于单独使用低氧富氮效果更佳。     

关于贫富差距问题的理性思考

贫富差距问题给我国经济社会的发展带来了不容忽视的负面影响,因而是全面建设小康社会过程中面临的一个必须认真解决的问题。贫富差距是经济发展的必然产物,并不可怕,关键在于我们如何正确看待全面小康社会与贫富差距之间的辩证关系,理性地思考全面建设小康社会过程中出现的贫富差距的原因,科学合理地制定抑制或减轻贫富差距的政策措施。     

Wealth inequality in Central and Eastern Europe: Evidence from household survey and rich lists’ data combined*

We study how the problem of the ‘missing rich’, the underrepresentation of the wealthiest in household surveys, affects wealth inequality estimates for the post‐socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The survey data from the second wave of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS) are joined with the data from the national rich lists for Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland and Slovakia. Pareto distribution is fitted to the joined survey and rich lists’ data to impute the missing observations for the largest wealth values. We provide the first estimates of the top‐corrected wealth inequality for the CEE region in 2013/2014. Despite a short period of wealth accumulation during the post‐1989 market economy period, our adjustment procedure reveals that wealth inequality in the Baltic countries is comparable to that of Germany (one of the most wealth‐unequal countries in Europe), while in Poland and Hungary it has reached levels observed in France or Spain. We discuss possible explanations of these findings with reference to the speed and range of privatization processes, extent of income inequality, and the role of inheritances and wealth taxes in the region.     

Necrotecture: Lifeless Dwellings and London's Super‐Rich

This article problematizes the relationship between the global super‐rich and processes of property development that have generated large volumes of underused residential space. Evidence is presented to show that much of London's new skyline is underused or lies entirely empty, so that one interpretation of this new landscape of super‐prime residential development is that it is a kind of dead residential space or necrotecture. These relatively lifeless spaces can be interpreted as the particularly wasteful result of continuing rounds of international capital investment in the built environment and the overconsumption of housing and other resources by the super‐rich. Necrotectural forms, seen in new towers and spectacular homes, appear to index a massive misdirection of development capacity, even as the city experiences a massive social crisis that continues to be played out in the wider housing market.     

论制度包容性增长

包容性增长是我国一个时期内具有制度代表性的经济运行方式。经济增长的高速度和高效率足以说明包容性体制和制度具有的潜力和优势。包容性增长的特点在于将不同经济组织形式和不同经济制度融合在一个体制之内,达到整个经济总量的增长和全民富裕目标的实现。不能根据私有制在整个经济体制当中占有的比重过半来否定包容性体制的社会主义性质。不应采取行政性措施来限制私有制成分的发展,从而维持公有制与私有制的比重关系。不同所有制实体在经济总量中的比例关系,不适宜再作为衡量经济体制社会主义性质的标准。包容性体制当中的私有制成分属于社会主义经济的构成部分。不同所有制形式都可以为实现全民共同富裕的社会主义目标提供有效途径。