农村家庭结构变化对养老资源供给的影响研究--基于太谷县的实证分析

从经济学供求理论出发,借助太谷农村家庭结构变化对养老资源供给影响的调查资料,动态和静态视角相结合分析社会转型期农村家庭供给养老资源出现的结构性困境。以“穷县富民”的太谷县为例考证当前化解养老资源供给困境的路径：反思“新农保”的普适性和社区供给养老资源的可行性。提出以家庭为主、发展社区和政府扶持的养老保障供给机制是当前化解农村养老难题的理性选择。     

What is Leisure Without Becoming? Assemblages of Active and Reactive Leisure

Abstract

In answering the question, “what is leisure without becoming?” this article revisits philosophical insights in Deleuze’s reading of Spinoza and Nietzsche. I investigate the relevance of these thinkers to Deleuze and Guattari’s collaboration to propose an understanding of leisure as not only becoming but also as negation of difference and possible repetition of the same in reactive leisure. Leisure as becoming is a vital realization of what a body can do that cannot entirely be conceived as a state of Being, a period of time, or necessarily an activity. Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of assemblage is used to understand becoming as a line of flight, a relational deterritorialization, that extends the capacities of a body.     

对我国贫富差距的探析

在全面建设小康社会的今天,贫富差距的日趋扩大与经济高速发展的不相容性,以及社会矛盾的进一步激化,正受到社会各界日益广泛的关注.文章将从历史和现实两个角度出发来探讨贫富差距的形成,主要结合改革开放后我国的大政方针与贫富差距的相互影响来进行对策分析,并通过党中央的系列措施和详实数据来论证贫富差距的可控性,从而更加坚定全国人民走中国特色社会主义道路的信念.     

实施就业优先战略 缩小贫富差距

在当前的经济和社会状况下,劳动依然是人们最基本的生存手段,收入的获取依然是以就业为基本保障。劳动者一旦失去就业机会,就意味着失去了收入来源,其个人甚至整个家庭都会陷入生活困境,失业是造成贫困和贫富差距过大的直接原因。只有减少失业人口,实现充分就业才是缩小贫富差距最为直接有效的途径。因此,缩小贫富差距,构建社会主义和谐社会,必须采取就业优先的发展战略。     

论提高政府对贫富差距的控制力

现实中的贫富差距及其政府在贫富差距控制能力上的强弱,已成为构建和谐社会的关键所在。现阶段,为进一步加快构建和谐社会步伐,政府应转换职能,建立有效机制,提高政府对贫富差距的控制力。     

Effective Taxation of Top Incomes in Germany

We exploit a dataset that includes the individual tax returns of all taxpayers in the top percentile of the income distribution in Germany to pin down the effective income taxation of households with very high incomes. Taking tax base erosion into account, we find that the top percentile of the income distribution pays an effective average tax rate of 30.5% and contributes more than a quarter of total income tax revenue. Within the top percentile, the effective average tax rate is first increasing, then decreasing, with income. Since the 1990s, effective average tax rates for the German super‐rich have fallen by about a third, with major reductions occurring in the wake of the personal income tax reform of 2001–05. As a result, the concentration of net incomes at the very top of the distribution has strongly increased in Germany.     

遗产税慈善公益捐赠扣除的意蕴

要发现捐赠的人性之美,不能让传统的经济学分析蒙住了眼睛。依靠自己的天赋和努力,通过正当的途径和手段成为巨富的人,是整个社会的精英,更是巨富中的精英,是精英巨富。所有精英巨富都必然是热心的社会捐赠者中的巨鳄,这是由其高尚的财富观所决定的。遗产税的慈善公益捐赠扣除,是极大尊重精英巨富,使其尽情行善的制度,是向去世精英巨富的崇高敬礼,理解这一制度对社会的和谐具有重要的意义。     

京石路段高水压富水区隧道限排衬砌注浆圈合理参数研究

由于海底隧道要承受很大的外力,因此在隧道设计的时候不仅要对其排限等份额方面进行全面的整理和修补,还应当关注隧道建立过程中的经济实用等问题。     

Adam Smith and the “rich country–poor country” debate: eighteenth-century views on economic progress and international trade

Despite his emphasis on economic development, Adam Smith did not participate in the contemporary “rich country–poor country” debate. Some see the absenteeism as a deficiency, while others assume that Smith propounds a theory of uneven development and agrees with the divergence argument. In this article, Smith's own theory is expounded and related to the contentious points of the “rich country–poor country” debate. It is concluded that Smith's theory does not fit easily into the categories of this debate. He rather takes up a third position, being neither a proponent of pure convergence nor of pure divergence.     

关于4L-12.5/0.2～22富气压缩机无润滑改造设计

4L-12.5/0.2~22型富气压缩机,气缸采用压缩机油润滑,常造成后路带油,润滑油耗量大,设备检修和操作不便及气缸油润滑系统出现故障造成气缸镜面划伤等现象,同时也给装置的安全运行造成重大隐患。重点对压缩机的活塞环、支承环进行了改造,实现无油润滑,给企业解决技术问题。