中国城市中的三种贫困类型

我们课题组在 1 999年进行了一次覆盖六省市的住户调查。本文利用这次调查数据对中国城市贫困的性质和特点进行了考察。通过综合考虑收入标准和消费标准 ,我们把中国城镇贫困分为三种类型 ,即持久性贫困、暂时性性贫困和选择性贫困。在贫困人口中 ,有一大部分是属于选择性贫困 ,即他们的收入高于贫困线而消费低于贫困线。我们对贫困户的消费函数进行了估计 ,其结果显示以下几个因素对贫困状况产生重要的影响 :修匀收入的效应 ;人们防备外部环境不确定性的心理 ;人们为将来投资而进行储蓄的行为 ;家庭对子女教育和医疗服务的特别需要。我们还对三种贫困类型进行了比较分析 ,从中发现预测的金融资产和预测的收入 ,以及教育和医疗的特殊需要都对不同类型的贫困户的消费行为起到重要的影响作用     

黔西南“精神扶贫”工作开展的现状与不足

黔西南州是贵州省连片贫困的典型地区,是打赢脱贫攻坚战的关键区域。通过艰苦卓绝的奋斗,黔西南州的精准扶贫工作取得了重大成果。在“精神扶贫”领域,黔西南州在“扶智”“扶志”方面取得了很大成效,但还存在对“扶智”“扶志”认识不足、投入不足、主体错位,缺乏“扶智”“扶志”的文化自信等不足,这是持续打赢脱贫攻坚战面临的重大挑战。     

Social Security, Poverty and Economic Transition: An Analysis for Bulgaria 1992–96

The paper addresses the issues of poverty and social security in a transitional environment on the basis of recent economic developments in Bulgaria. Special emphasis is placed on the need for a new type of social safety net stemming from the radical changes in the political and economic system. The evolution of the social security system in Bulgaria during the transition is analysed focusing on such elements as the pension system, unemployment benefits, child allowances, etc. The empirical analysis is based on extensive use of data from the Bulgarian Household Budget Surveys during the period 1992–1996. Poverty in Bulgaria is measured using different poverty measurements and some quantitative results showing the changing dimensions of poverty in the transition period are presented and discussed in the paper.EES or e-mail at Corresponding author. E-mail:     

中国农村贫困地区脱贫与经济增长要素分析

通过对河南33个经济不发达县有关数据的统计分析，可以得出资本、劳动力和土地三个投入要素对农业产出的贡献率。结合当地扶贫资金和扶贫专项贷款使用落实情况统计资料、劳动力状况和后备土地资源统计资料，我们详细分析了贫困地区这三个要素对经济增长和脱贫的作用，以及这三要素之间的相互替代关系，重点强调资本投入及资本投向对于贫困地区脱贫及经济发展的重要性。     

Poverty Traps, Indeterminacy, and the Wealth Distribution

We consider a one-sector growth model in continuous time with a production externality and endogenous labor supply. There is a continuum of households who have identical preferences but differ with respect to their initial wealth. We show that there exist economies such that an indeterminate steady state exists for some wealth distribution but not for others. A second result is that a redistribution of wealth may drive the economy from a steady state with strictly positive output to a poverty trap in which output converges asymptotically to zero. These results indicate that differences in the wealth distribution may be responsible for drastic differences in the long-run standard of living. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D31, D50, O41.     

我国西部欠发达地区发展生态工业的分析与思考

针对我国西部欠发达地区日益突出的生态环境问题,发展生态工业已成为构建和谐社会的重要举措。本文选取有代表意义的民族八省区作为西部欠发达地区的典型进行模拟预测,提出发展生态工业是协调贫困地区经济发展与环境状况关系的必要手段。     

风景区周边地区发展旅游业与脱贫致富--以南川市三泉镇大河坝村为例

章以国家级风景名胜区重庆金佛山周边地区的大河坝村为例，从理论和实践上阐述了风景名胜区周边地区发展旅游与其脱贫致富互动关系及其产生的效应，分析了金佛山风景区周边地区发展旅游脱贫致富的现状及存在的问题，提出了将大河坝村建设成为发展旅游脱贫致富奔小康综合开发示范区的措施与对策。     

贫困线测定方法研究

马丁法是符合我国实际的贫困线测定方法 ,依据马丁法可科学测定食物贫困线、非食物贫困线、低贫困线和高贫困线。     

财政教育支出的农村减贫效应研究——基于网络空间结构的分析

运用修正的引力模型测算出我国财政教育支出的空间关联关系,以及财政教育支出对农村减贫的空间关联影响效应。实证结果表明：我国财政教育支出在空间关联上呈现出复杂、多线程的网络结构;区域间财政教育支出差异和人力资本差异与农村贫困联动矩阵呈现显著负相关,区域间技术发展水平差异和经济发展水平差异与农村贫困联动矩阵呈现显著正相关。加强我国农村贫困的治理,需要考虑财政教育支出的空间关联作用,实施定向的、梯度推进的区域协同策略。     

Does urbanization reduce rural poverty? Evidence from Vietnam

This paper uses data from household surveys to contribute to the urbanization-poverty nexus literature by assessing the effect of urbanization on income, expenditure, and poverty in rural households in Vietnam. We find that the urbanization process stimulates the transition from farm to non-farm activities in rural areas. More specifically, urbanization tends to reduce farm income and increase wages and non-farm income in rural households. This suggests that total income and consumption expenditure of rural households are more likely to increase with urbanization. Finally, we find also that urbanization helps decrease the expenditure poverty rate of rural households, albeit by a small magnitude.