The restructuring of the Spanish integrated steel industry in the European panorama (1971–86): A lost opportunity

Spanish steelmaking policy in the 1970s and early 1980s was not especially different from that of the main European countries. The political transition was a tense experience that heightened the problems and made economic policy decisions harder to reach, but it did not cause a fundamental divergence from the rest of Europe. What made the steel restructuring policy fail and forced a new and costly restructuring in the 1990s, was the decision of the Socialist government, newly elected in 1982, to opt for maintaining the inland steelworks instead of the coastal steelworks. Its motives were related to the locations of these steelworks in socially and politically sensitive areas. The closure of Sagunto marked the end of the only real possibility of Spain having a competitive integrated steelworks in terms of its integration into Europe.     

禁渔制度的施行效果研究

为了有效削减捕捞强度,改善鱼类生存环境,减缓渔业资源衰退趋势,《中华人民共和国渔业法》特别规定施行禁渔制度。理论上能够实现这一目标吗?为此,本文重点分析了单独采用禁渔制度的预期效果,及禁渔制度同其它管理措施结合使用的预期效果,并在此基础上根据我国实行禁渔制度的具体情况提出了一些政策建议。     

湖南长沙休闲产业现状分析

调查表明：湖南长沙的休闲产业可分为歌厅休闲、酒吧休闲、洗浴休闲、电视休闲、“农家乐”休闲、广场与公园休闲等七种类型。歌厅休闲始于20世纪80年代，年接待170万人次，营业收入逾亿元；上规模的酒吧20多家；足浴城17000多家，长沙已成为“脚都”；“农家乐”877家，年接待273万多人次，营业收入2亿元。居民休闲最主要的目的是愉悦身心，放松自己。95％的居民认为长沙休闲消费水平为中上，可以接受。73％的居民1周至少休闲1次。     

Multi-Output, Nonfrontier Primal Measures of Capacity and Capacity Utilization

This article implements an econometric approach for generating primal capacity output and utilization measures for fisheries. In situations where regulatory, environmental, and resource conditions affect catch levels but are not independently identified in the data, frontier-based capacity models may interpret such impacts as production inefficiency. However, if such inefficiencies are unlikely to be eliminated, the implied potential output increases may be unrealistic. We develop a multi-output, multi-input stochastic transformation function framework that permits various assumptions about how output composition may change when operating at full capacity. We apply our model to catcher-processor vessels in the Alaskan pollock fishery.     

抓住西部开发机遇加快新疆渔业发展

本文阐述了新疆渔业发展的潜力、现状及存在的问题，并提出了加快新疆渔业发展的措施及建议。     

Market Orientation and Raw Material Control

Much of the existing literature on market orientation emphasizes the role played by the competencies of companies in selling products. However, in industries that rely on a natural resource sector for its primary input, another constraint may dominate: the limitations on supply of that input. We examine this issue in the context of a particular natural resource sector, the fishery, as a case study of the more general phenomenon. Using the example of Norway's apparent lack of market orientation as a supplier of fresh fish, the paper demonstrates how the characteristics of natural resource sectors as well as how public policies are used to manage those sectors may place significant roadblocks in the way of developing a market orientation by the industries that depend on those sectors for raw material. The paper notes that there has been an increased consumer demand for fresh fish, away from the frozen product. This, in principle, should lead to an increased need for a market orientation by sellers and closer relationships between the primary processors and the distributors of fresh seafood. However, several barriers, including those associated with fishery management, hinder this process. These include the presence of a structure where earnings from fishing are independent of quality, the seasonality of supplies in the raw fish markets, the way fish quotas are managed, the structure of first hand sales, and the underdeveloped relationships between supermarkets and the primary processors. In short, the analysis identifies critical linkages between fishery management and the marketing of seafood. Its broader contribution is to increased understanding of the interdependencies between the marketing of natural resource-based products and public management of that resource.     

观赏渔业:部市型水产业的新亮点--上海发展观赏渔业的思考和建议

观赏渔业是都市型水产业发展的经济增长点，本文从观赏鱼需求和供应两方面分析了发展观赏渔业的潜力和存在的问题，在发展观赏渔业的理论和实践措施方面作了积极的探索。     

加强领导确保长江春季禁渔

长江渔业在我国有着特殊重要的地位,开展长江春季禁渔意义重大。各级政府应加强领导,深入细致地做好各项工作,确保长江流域首次春季禁渔顺利实施。     

金枪鱼渔业国际管理发展状况分析

通过回顾金枪鱼渔业管理组织的发展情况,特别是几个主要的组织IATTC、ICCAT、CCSBT、IOTC、WCPFC,指出了我国在金枪鱼渔业管理方面取得的进展以及存在的问题,并提出了几点建议.     

浅论明代的渔业税制

本文探讨了明代渔业的征课水域与征收方式，并叙述其渔课种类与渔税名目，揭示其渔税征解过程及渔税支配方式，最后论述了明代的渔业税制改革并分析其所取得的实际效果。较为全面地论述了明代渔业税制的各个方面。