Ethnic Marketing Ethics

Culture plays an important role in defining ethics standards because dissimilar cultures socialize their people differently, according to what is acceptable behaviour. The potential significance of ethnic groups for marketing justifies inquiry into the moral judgments, standards, and rules of conduct exercised in marketing decisions and situations arising from decisions whether or not to focus on individual ethnic groups within an economy. Identifying and targeting ethnic groups for marketing purposes are tasks fraught with many ethical difficulties. In a multicultural society consisting of a dominant group and many diverse, minority groups defined by ethnicity, these problems can be expected to increase substantially. Consequently, marketers may include minority ethnic consumers in their mainstream marketing programs. In itself, this has ethical consequences. Alternatively, if marketers seek to target individual minority ethnic groups within the same economy a further set of ethical consequences needs to be considered. This paper reviews the concepts of ethnicity and ethnic groups and their relevance for marketing strategy within an economy where there is a dominant group and also significant minority ethnic groups. The ethical consequences for minority communities arising from the use of non-ethnic, mainstream marketing programs are examined. An alternative approach, ethnic marketing, is also examined and its ethical consequences in terms of other groups within the one country appraised. The ethical dilemma and tradeoffs facing marketers within advanced, culturally diverse countries are then considered.     

平移、旋量及联合变换与夸克的 SUf(3)对称

本文通过引入平移变换,旋量变换及其联合变换,给出了夸克 SUf(3)亚群的“统一”描述。预言了一些重子组态的存在。     

我国弱势群体的救助方略

关于弱势群体的讨论已成为当今社会的热门话题，但从目前的研究状况看，对弱势群体概念的统一的理解和认识至今还没有形成。只有在较全面地界定弱势群体的概念，深入分析救助的法理基础上，才能从立法、行政、司法、社会以及自我等方面对弱势群体给予积极有效的救助。     

The interface of the energy and forest sectors—Potential players in the bioenergy business

The upcoming bioenergy business area opens up promising opportunities for the traditional energy and forest sectors. This has motivated us to study existing and potential bioenergy actors that could take up this unique opportunity and develop new business around the “green gold” of the forest. Light is shed on the interface between the energy and forest sectors through a comparison of the most focal bioenergy actors with traditional forest and energy companies. The analytical methods used include both parametric and nonparametric analysis of variance, and cluster analysis. The result is a better understanding of the players that have the potential to capitalize on the emerging business.     

基于中等收入人群的阶梯电价改革对其经济利益影响的实证分析

实施居民阶梯电价制度的根本目的是为了促进节能减排,电价改革会极大地影响居民的生活成本。本文以四川省仁寿县视高镇为研究对象,从中等收入人群的角度出发,实地调查收集大量数据,通过建立数学模型,定量分析了阶梯电价改革对其经济利益的影响,并提出了相应的对策建议,以期能为相关部门制定改革方案提供参考。     

企业集团的虚实结合式发展策略

企业集团在中国经济体系中处于举足轻重的地位,但在其发展过程中却存在着诸多问题,因而常常导致失败案例的发生。笔者认为,在中国组建和发展企业集团时,完全可以借助虚拟化的经营模式来运作,依靠其特点有效的进行风险规避,提高成功率。同时对企业集团进行单纯的虚拟化改造也有其局限性,虚拟化应该只是保证企业集团组建过程走"好"、走"稳"的辅助策略,而不是最终的实现方式和表现形式。     

Asymmetric rivalry between strategic groups: response,speed of response and ex ante vs. ex post competitive interaction in the spanish bank deposit market

The objective of this study is to examine asymmetric rivalry between strategic groups in a given industry. Two research hypotheses argue for the existence of asymmetric rivalry in the sense that strategic groups of small companies have a greater degree of response but a slower speed of response to the actions of strategic groups of large companies, than vice versa. To test this, we use an ex post approach that examines the news releases published on the strategic actions and reactions of firms. A third hypothesis compares ex ante competitive expectations with ex post asymmetric rivalry between strategic groups. To test this, we compare ex post news on actions/reactions with an ex ante approach that estimates conjectural variations. The empirical application carried out on bank deposits in the Spanish market defines strategic groups in terms of size due to the historical and institutional conditions of the industry (deregulatory change). The results obtained show that rivalry patterns between strategic groups in terms of company size can be predicted as asymmetric in the sense that smaller bank strategic groups have a greater degree of response (Stackelberg ‘leader–follower’ competitive interaction), and a slower speed of response to the actions of larger bank strategic groups than is found the other way around. Moreover, ex ante expectations of aggressiveness on the part of larger strategic groups characterize greater ex post reactions from the smaller‐size strategic groups. Therefore, the size distribution of strategic groups is valuable to research on complex industries with deregulation changes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Foreign and domestic ownership,business groups,and firm performance: evidence from a large emerging market

We adopt a multi‐theoretic approach to investigate a previously unexplored phenomenon in extant literature, namely the differential impact of foreign institutional and foreign corporate shareholders on the performance of emerging market firms. We show that the previously documented positive effect of foreign ownership on firm performance is substantially attributable to foreign corporations that have, on average, larger shareholding, higher commitment, and longer‐term involvement. We document the positive influence of corporations vis‐á‐vis financial institutions with respect to domestic shareholdings as well. We also find an interesting dichotomy in the impact of these shareholders depending on the business group affiliation of firms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从出口加工区的发展趋势看产业集群

出口加工区既带来效率,在实际中也引发了许多弊病。文章指出,出口加工区只是发展中国家的历史产物,正在向科学工业园转型,形成产业集群。这些都离不开出口加工区的定位、入区企业的选择及对高科技企业某些政策优惠的倾斜。     

城镇弱势群体救助体系与政府财政制度安排问题研究

在我国社会转型,城镇化速度加快的历史时期,城镇弱势群体的生存状况需要特别关注。而现行救助制度和财政制度安排存在不少问题,需要在农民工等流动人口救助、动员社会力量参与慈善事业、救助资金绩效评估等方面取得突破,以促进城镇经济社会协调、健康发展。