对当前国内经济学界几个争论问题的看法

市场取向是中国经济改革的方向,政府对经济实施调控是为弥补市场失灵而不是搞计划经济;假定人自私,绝非倡导人自私,从这一假设出发去进行市场经济的制度设计恰恰可以抑制或减少人的自利行为带给社会经济的危害;效率与公平不是一个层面的问题,效率是公平的基础,公平失衡不是效率之错;对于政府求公平来说,重点在于消除不公平而非设计公平,这是一个渐进的过程,不可能一蹴而就.     

基于DEA模型的城市科技活动效率评价

将DEA理论应用于广东21城市科技活动的分析中，建立评价城市科技活动效率的数据包络分析模型，谊模型评价了各城市的总体效率和技术效率的状况，进而对非DEA有效的城市提出达到DEA有效的可行措施，并分析了城市科技活动效率和资源配置之间的关系。     

The Application of Mathematical Programming Approaches to Estimating Container Port Production Efficiency

Container terminal production is both an important and complicated element in the contemporary global economy. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of the world’s most important container ports and terminals using the two alternative techniques of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Free Disposal Hull (FDH) model. The results give an insight into the current efficiency ranking of the world’s major container ports and terminals. They also confirm expectations that the available mathematical programming methodologies lead to different results and that appropriate variable definition of input and output factors is a crucial element in meaningful applications of DEA and FDH. It is also concluded that the availability of panel data, rather than cross-sectional data would greatly improve the validity of the efficiency estimates derived from all the mathematical programming techniques applied.JEL Classification:C61, D24, E23, L23, L25, L92     

论公司财务的价值创造功能

生产要素经过市场交易过程被企业购入之后,变为要素资本;各种要素资本的价值及其增值形成企业的财务价值。决策人的要素资本偏好结构是根据个人偏好对方案集合中的方案进行对比并区分优劣或大小,最终排列各方案的优劣次序。为了描述决策人对确定性后果的偏好程度,应建立序数价值函数、可测价值函数和财务效率等概念,从而建立要素资本价值函数,找出公司财务创造价值的机理。     

股份制商业银行效率指标体系研究

商业银行运行效率是商业银行综合实力的体现。影响我国商业银行运行效率水平的因素主要包括盈利性状况、稳定性状况和公司治理状况。本文结合实证分析.提出一种新的我国股份制商业银行运行效率水平评价指标体系,结果表明各股份制商业银行效率差异较大;稳定性状况是目前决定股份制商业银行运行效率的重要因素,其次是赢利性与公司治理状况。此外,本文对股份制商业银行的未来发展提出了分析和建议。     

我国证券市场效率不高的原因与治理对策

近十几年以来,我国证券市场发展很快,但大起大落,表现为不稳定、不规范、不健康、不完善,积累的深层次矛盾与效率低下的问题非常突出。本文详细分析了我国证券市场效率不高的原因,并提出了相应的对策。     

Chance Constrained Programming Formulations for Stochastic Characterizations of Efficiency and Dominance in DEA

Pareto-Koopmans efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is extended to stochastic inputs and outputs via probabilistic input-output vector comparisons in a given empirical production (possibility) set. In contrast to other approaches which have used Chance Constrained Programming formulations in DEA, the emphasis here is on joint chance constraints. An assumption of arbitrary but known probability distributions leads to the P-Model of chance constrained programming. A necessary condition for a DMU to be stochastically efficient and a sufficient condition for a DMU to be non-stochastically efficient are provided. Deterministic equivalents using the zero order decision rules of chance constrained programming and multivariate normal distributions take the form of an extended version of the additive model of DEA. Contacts are also maintained with all of the other presently available deterministic DEA models in the form of easily identified extensions which can be used to formalize the treatment of efficiency when stochastic elements are present.     

OFDI逆向技术溢出能够改善中国能源效率吗

从理论和实证两个层面考察了OFDI逆向技术溢出对中国能源效率的影响。采用2002—2016年中国30个(非全部)省(直辖市、自治区)的面板数据，运用DEA博弈交叉效率模型测算了碳排放约束下各省(直辖市、自治区)能源效率的现状。选取技术进步、产业结构等7类控制变量，采用动态面板GMM方法分析了OFDI逆向技术溢出与区域能源效率之间的动态关系。研究表明：OFDI逆向技术溢出对区域能源效率具有显著的正向促进作用，其每增加1%，将带来能源效率0.0613%的提升；在其他控制变量中，技术进步、产业结构优化、能源结构优化、外商直接投资对能源效率具有正向促进作用，城镇化水平对能源效率具有负向抑制作用，人力资本水平与对外开放度对能源效率具有正向促进作用，但不显著。以上发现为“一带一路”背景下区域节能减排政策的制定提供了经验证据。     

Discrepancies between ex ante and ex post efficiency under identical subjective probabilities

Summary. Starr (1973) showed that, if people have different subjective probabilities, ex ante and ex post efficiency conflict. Conversely, under the simple preferences that he considered, the discrepancy between ex ante and ex post efficiency disappears when subjective probabilities are identical. Here I consider identical subjective probabilities, but more general preferences. First, risk attraction is admitted. Second, I dispense with the double requirement (dubbed IZU) of additive separability and state-independence of the utility of zero-date consumption, an unrealistic requirement when modeling the investment in durable goods. I find that, under IZU, and as long as ex post preferences satisfy the natural assumption of quasiconcavity (and satisfy some technical qualifications), an ex ante efficient allocation is indeed ex post efficient, but the converse is not necessarily true under risk attraction. If, on the other hand, IZU is violated, then one can have ex ante efficient allocations that are not ex post efficient, and vice-versa, even under risk aversion. Received: June 25, 1999; revised version: March 2001     

Business models for material efficiency services: Conceptualization and application

Despite the abundant research on material flows and the growing recognition of the need to dematerialize the economy, business enterprises are still not making the best possible use of the many opportunities for material efficiency improvements. This article proposes one possible solution: material efficiency services provided by outside suppliers. It also introduces a conceptual framework for the analysis of different business models for eco-efficient services and applies the framework to material efficiency services. Four business models are outlined and their feasibility is studied from an empirical vantage point. In contrast to much of the previous research, special emphasis is laid on the financial aspects. It appears that the most promising business models are ‘material efficiency as additional service’ and ‘material flow management service’. Depending on the business model, prominent material efficiency service providers differ from large companies that offer multiple products and/or services to smaller, specialized providers. Potential clients (users) typically lack the resources (expertise, management's time or initial funds) to conduct material efficiency improvements themselves. Customers are more likely to use material efficiency services that relate to support materials or side-streams rather than those that are at the core of production. Potential client organizations with a strategy of outsourcing support activities and with experience of outsourcing are more keen to use material efficiency services.