基于动态视角的中国劳动力供给决策实证分析--以杭州出租车司机为例

生命周期劳动供给理论预测工人的劳动供给对短期工资波动有正向的反应，然而不少研究发现国外出租车司机劳动供给弹性是负的。国内出租车司机的情况如何呢？文章用杭州出租车GPS 行程数据分析了司机的内延性和外延性劳动供给。为解决由测量误差和同事效应产生的内生性问题，我们用司机当天遇到的长途载客次数作为其每小时工资的工具变量，进而探讨每小时工资对司机劳动供给时间的影响。我们发现，杭州出租车司机的内延性和外延性劳动供给工资弹性均显著为正，这说明政府增加司机每公里燃油补贴等政策的确能激励司机增加劳动供给。另外，这也说明放松出租车市场的价格管制能使司机更好地根据市场需求优化自己的工作决策。     

货币需求弹性、有效货币供给与货币市场非均衡模型——解析"中国之谜"与长期流动性过剩

Chinese excessive liquidity problems are more serious than other main countries. The upgrading industrial structure and the increasing opening degree lead to the excessive money demand and higher money demand elasticity. Bad credits weaken money supply effectiveness and lead to illusive increasing money. We set up the money market disequilibrium model under the condition of the excessive liquidity. The imbalance between money demand and money supply is the key of Chinese excessive liquidity problems. __________ Translated from Jingji lilun yu jingji guanli 经济理论与经济管理(Economic Theory and Business Management), 2007, (11): 38–44     

我国技术创新对就业弹性影响的实证分析

技术创新是产业结构优化、经济发展方式转变的核心。就业是我国最大的民生问题。从定量的角度研究技术创新对就业弹性的影响问题具有重要的现实意义。本文在理论分析的基础上，通过假设建立了技术创新对就业弹性的影响模型，然后将通过回归分析探讨了技术创新对就业弹性影响的作用机理，最后得出在中国经济高速增长的情况下，促进就业、提高就业弹性的重要途径是通过技术创新转变经济发展方式，促进产业结构优化，创造新行业。     

The cross-sectional effect of inflation on corporate investment and employment

This paper examines the cross-sectional effect of inflation on the investment and employment decisions. The paper shows that more heavily capitalized firms tend to have a greater reduction in the capital-labor ratio during an inflationary period. The paper also shows that firms with a higher cost of debt to wage ratios and a larger amount of depreciation shelter tend to use more labor in the inflationary period. Empirical results are generally consistent with these arguments. The authors wish to thank John Anderson, Jim Hodder, two anonymous referees and Cheng F. Lee, the Editor for their helpful comments. All remaining errors are ours.     

商业健康险税收优惠政策的效果分析--基于需求价格弹性的测算

本文基于经典商业健康险需求理论的价格弹性模型,分别利用天津市调研数据和中山大学劳动力动态调查数据库测算了按收入分层的商业健康险需求价格弹性及商业健康险的消费结构。并基于上述测算结果,通过数据库对接推算了全国商业健康险的需求价格弹性和税优政策的预期效果。测算结果表明,我国商业健康险的需求价格弹性为-0.22,在当前的税优政策下,个税税改前后,税优健康险的预期年保费规模分别为16.54亿元、6.09亿元,由此带来的年税式支出预计将分别达到2.47亿元、0.69亿元。最后,基于实证分析结果,本文对税优健康险未来的政策调整方向提供了建议。     

Pooling surveys in the estimation of income and price elasticities: An application to Tunisian households

This paper presents a methodological extension of Deaton's (1990) model for estimating price elasticities, by pooling Tunisian data from several surveys to improve the inter-cluster variability of unit values which is one of the key elements used in the derivation of these elasticities. Since the surveys cover a relatively long period, possible structural changes in consumption behaviour occurring over time are accounted for by postulating that certain response coefficients of the basic model vary from one survey to the other. The own price and cross price elasticities calculated using appropriate estimates of the extended model are satisfactory both from the economic point of view of their sign and the statistical point of view of their significance and superior to those obtained using a single survey. First version received: April 2000/Final version received: June 2001 RID="*" ID="*"  The authors would like to thank Angus Deaton and anonymous referees for useful comments and suggestions.     

Business Demand for Broadband Access Capacity

Using data garnered from a quarterly survey of U.S. business establishments from 2Q2000 through 1Q2001, the study estimates an aggregate model of business demand for broadband access capacity. The primary goal is to estimate price elasticities for the demand for access capacity conditional on a business establishment having made the decision to adopt some form of broadband access. The primary findings are (1) on average, the demand for broadband access capacity is price inelastic; (2) the sensitivity to price differs substantially across establishments of different sizes with small establishments exhibiting the greatest sensitivity to price; and (3) the estimated elasticities have important implications for public policies designed to extend broadband networks to unserved areas.     

Elasticities of Demand and Willingness to Pay for Environmental Services in Sweden

Are environmental services luxuriesor necessities? Are low-income groupsrelatively more willing to pay forenvironmental improvements than high-incomegroups? The discussion on the shape of theenvironmental Kuznets curve and environmentaljustice call for analyses that approach thesequestions. Following a survey-based approachfor modelling the demand for public goods, thispaper provides estimates of income and priceelasticities of demand for reduced marineeutrophication effects in the case of theBaltic Sea, using data from five Swedishcontingent valuation studies. Point estimatesindicate that reduced marine eutrophicationeffects can be classified as a necessity and anordinary and price elastic service. Confidenceintervals show however that the classificationas a necessity is not statisticallysignificant. Income elasticities of willingnessto pay, not to be confused with incomeelasticities of demand, are estimated for abroad range of environmental services inSweden. A basic finding is that income tends toinfluence willingness to pay positively andsignificantly. The elasticity estimates are inmost cases greater than zero, but less thanunity, indicating that the benefits ofenvironmental improvements tend to beregressively distributed. In a cost-benefitanalysis of a project suggesting environmentalimprovements, distributional concerns thereforecall for an introduction of weights or at leasta sensitivity analysis of how weighting wouldchange decisions about the project's socialprofitability.     

我国关税的有效保护率及其变动——基于2004年数据的考察

文章根据Corden(1966)对有效保护率的定义,使用1997年投入产出表对我国40个行业2004年的关税及配额的有效保护率进行了测算,并进一步分析了有效保护率对要素替代弹性的敏感性.研究结果显示,与1997年10月关税调整后我国的有效保护状况相比,2004年各行业有效保护率的整体结构变化不大,大多数部门的有效保护率随着名义关税的降低而下降.此外,要素替代弹性的变动对各行业有效保护率的绝对数值和行业排序的影响不大,文章在要素投入系数固定假设下计算出的有效保护率基本上是准确的.