西南丘陵区农村居民点多功能评价与优化策略*——以重庆市荣昌区为例

[目的]以多功能评价为基础开展农村居民点布局优化,能够有效满足农村居民点的精细化、差异化治理需求。[方法]以西南丘陵区典型代表性的重庆市荣昌区为例,利用分层抽样选择12个样点村域,结合内部用地形态和外部环境适宜性构建指标体系,评价不同类型农村居民点生产功能、生活功能和生态功能的优势度差异,划定农村居民点功能优化分区并制定相应优化策略。[结果]农村居民点内部结构及承载功能表现出显著地域分异规律,其农业生产功能随着与城镇距离缩短而显著衰弱;非农生产功能和生活功能优势度的分布特征均表现为由城镇中心向较远区域递减趋势;生态功能优势度表现为远郊型中心型近郊型。荣昌区农村居民点的分区优化策略可划分为I类产业重构式、Ⅱ类社区营造式、Ⅲ类生态涵养式和Ⅳ类移民搬迁式4种。[结论]综合内部用地特征和外部环境适宜性对农村居民点"三生"功能优势度进行评价,可为西南丘陵区农村居民点布局优化提供新的思路。     

在干涉与放任之间:民国时期地方审计监督体系构建探析

民国时期，当时的政学界人士对地方审计取干涉主义抑或放任主义进行了较为深入的思考，有关省、县审计监督制度体系构建方案不断提出并付诸实践。虽然有些主张及其实践未必符合审计的独立原则，从中枢、省至县的垂直型审计监督体系也并没有真正构建起来，但当时的地方审计尤其是省级审计还是取得了一定的成效，至今仍然具有参考价值。     

资源型县域新农村建设的困境及出路

运用现代化、城镇化和新农村建设等基本理论,从城镇化和新农村建设互动关系的角度分析资源型县域新农村建设面临的问题,认为城镇化滞后和新农村建设偏离城镇化方向是影响资源型县域新农村建设的关键因素,应推进城镇化建设和新农村建设的有效结合,快速推进城镇化是资源型县域新农村建设的根本出路。     

The relationship between prior and subsequent new venture creation in the United States: A county level analysis

Minniti [Minniti, M., 2004. Entrepreneurial alertness and asymmetric information in a spin-glass model. Journal of Business Venturing 19 (5), 637-658; Minniti, M., 2005. Entrepreneurship and network externalities. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 57 (1), 1-27] argues that new venture creation decisions are interdependent and that the non-pecuniary network externalities and path dependencies of such decisions influence the geographic concentration of venturing activities. We apply her framework at the county level to study the association between prior and subsequent new venture creation in the U.S. Our findings indicate that there is a non-linear relationship between prior new venture creation and subsequent new venture creation, with venturing activities increasing at an increasing rate based on the amount of prior new venture creation.     

西南四省市国家扶贫重点县农户收支结构变动对反贫困需求影响的研究

介绍了西南四省市国家扶贫重点县农民的收支变动情况,分析了出现这种变动趋势的原因及对当地反贫困需求的影响。从收支水平看,西南四省市的反贫困任务仍然任重道远;从收入结构看,增加贫困人口工资性收入是反贫困的重要途径;从支出结构看,丰富贫困人口的精神生活不容忽视。提出了西南四省市反贫困的战略。     

When does transition increase the gender wage gap?

In the context of underlying stability in female participation rates, the gender wagegap, measured by the log of monthly wages, more than doubled in Belarus from 1996 to 2006. In this respect, the country has experienced a variant of the transition which occurred in the former Soviet Union where relative female wages fell by more than female participation. We have used the Machado and Mata (2005) analysis of the gender gap distribution. This reveals that the effect of coefficients on observed characteristics in widening the gap was increasing over time, especially in the lower and middle deciles of the wage distribution. At the same time, the effect of the characteristics themselves in reducing the gap was shrinking. The decomposition of changes in the gap over time, based on Juhn et al. (1991) , confirms that the contraction of women’s relative wages has been caused both by a deterioration in the observed characteristics of female workers and by the associated remuneration. Changes in the residual wage distribution tend to slightly reduce the gap rather than, as is the case elsewhere, to increase it. The analysis carried out in line with Neuman and Oaxaca (2004) suggests that the increased gap was not caused by sample selection. Instead, two observed factors are found to be mainly responsible for the results: hours of work have increased for men more than for women and women have experienced segregation in low‐wage industries.     

河北县域经济竞争力TOPSIS评价

县域经济竞争力是在各种物质财富和软环境支撑下．县域范围内所表现出来的在同等条件下能够比竞争对手更能抵制各种不利影响、吸引和利用各类经济资源，从而保持经济持续增长的能力。在此概念基础上，结合数据的准确性与易获取性，本文设计了一个县域经济竞争力评价指标体系，并采用两两比较法确定了各项指标的权重。然後．运用于OPSIS方法对2004年河北省136个县（市）经济竞争力进行了比较评价。最後，根据各县市经济竞争力与理想值的相对接近度．分析了河北省县域经济竞争力布局特点．就如何提升县域经济竞争力提出了对策建议．     

我国县级财政困难的成因及对策研究

随着我国农村税费改革的深入以及农业税的取消,我国县级财政出现了一些困难,赤字增大,负债增多,部分地区存在财政空转现象等。解决县级财政的困难,要理顺机制,培养财源,加强支出管理,构建符合公共财政要求的框架体系。     

浅谈甘肃省县（市）质量技术监督工作的现状与对策

叙述西部地区质量技术监督工作发展缓慢，以及在管理，执法，宣传，人才方面存在的问题和现状，提出了作者在政策，用人，管理方面的一些建议和想法。     

农业税取消后昆明近郊县财政状况调研及对策思考

昆明近郊县经济增长差距呈现出扩大趋向，农业税对本地经济的贡献率也不相同，因此农业税取消后昆明市近郊县面临的财政问题，如何提升该地区财政自生能力，成为必须关注的课题。作者对昆明近郊富民、晋宁、禄劝三县财政状况进行了深入调研，提出了分3个阶段，即转移支付阶段、自生能力形成阶段、自生能力保持和提升阶段，解读提升近郊县财政自生能力的步骤和对策。