Cigarette pack and advertising displays at point of purchase: community demand for restrictions

Tobacco promotion influences tobacco consumption. Traditional forms of tobacco promotion have been heavily restricted in response to the harmful effects of tobacco. Tobacco displays at the point of purchase are increasingly important as a means of communicating brand imagery for the tobacco industry, especially when advertising is restricted at these points. Previous research has demonstrated that children exposed to tobacco advertising at the point of purchase have inflated perceptions of availability, use and popularity of tobacco. Internationally, laws are being debated and implemented to prohibit or restrict the display of tobacco at the point of purchase or put tobacco out of sight. Such measures would reduce tobacco product exposure and, hence, tobacco marketing among youth and the community. In South Australia, a ban on all cigarette advertising at the point of purchase was introduced in 2005. This study was designed to assess community support for restrictions on cigarette displays and advertising at the point of purchase. A telephone survey was conducted with a random sample of 2026 South Australian adults (aged 18 years and over) in July 2005. Overall, 63% of the community approved of a hypothetical total ban on cigarette displays at the point of purchase, with over three‐quarters believing this should happen in the next 12 months. A further 24% believed that cigarette displays should be restricted and 82% would approve of a ban on displays in stores that sell confectionary. Only 7% of adult smokers reported making their decision about the brand of cigarettes to buy at the point of purchase and 90% made their decision before they even entered the shop. The results strengthen arguments that cigarette displays are not necessary to maintain brand loyalty or to encourage brand switching of established smokers. Instead, the results make arguments more credible that cigarette displays normalize and promote smoking among young people and may also promote unplanned purchase or increased consumption among less frequent smokers or former smokers. Placing cigarettes out of sight would be unlikely to impact on brand choice for most smokers, who have already made up their mind before they enter the store.     

乡村社区旅游业早期从业者研究——元阳梯田案例之启示

我国西部某些深藏不露的山水与文化正被迅速地纳入到旅游消费市场中,云南省红河自治州的元阳梯田就是其中代表之一.在这些新兴旅游地(不少属于乡村社区)里,最先涉足旅游服务的人群可称为"旅游业早期从业者".元阳梯田案例研究发现,乡村社区里的旅游业早期从业者可能有两种类型:乡村精英型和穷则思变型.同时.文化掮客的作用也不容忽视.各类旅游业早期从业者的示范作用不同,地方政府需要分别采取不同的引导策略.关于"社区参与旅游"模式的探讨,社会结构与社会行动理论不失为一个有用的视角.     

Caterpillar’s Interactions with Piracicaba,Brazil: A Community-based Analysis of CSR

This study examines how Caterpillar Brasil Limitada, located in the city of Piracicaba, Brazil, expanded its concept of social responsibility over a 30-year period. It first provides a contextual overview of Piracicaba within the agro-industrialized interior region of São Paulo State. It then traces the history of the firm from its initial installation in the city. While Caterpillar maintained a distant relationship with the Piracicaba community for many years, it later realized the importance of becoming involved in city development. The community-based effort led by Caterpillar to elaborate and carry out a sustainable development plan for the city is a notable example of how a firm can encourage civil participation and offer strategic planning know-how to civil-society organizations. Finally, the study analyses some of the problems Caterpillar encountered and stresses the importance of developing open democratic channels and continued civil participation in joint partnerships between business and civil society.     

景区与社区和谐发展之路探析——以湖南郴州万华岩景区为例

通过对湖南郴州万华岩景区与社区实地调查访问，以描述景区与社区现状和分析存在问题为切入点，以社会主义和谐社会构建和社会主义新农村建设为契机，在牢牢把握政策机遇的同时，从土地、理念、模式、机制、体系和文化等。个方面探究景区与社区和谐发展之路。     

旅游网络论坛的学术界定、发展现状与影响

网络论坛在中国发展迅速，逐渐成为继传统线下旅行社、线上旅行社之后，旅游中介商的第三支重要力量。在综合分析现有市场调查和研究的基础上，首先指出旅游网络论坛是虚拟消费社区的一种类型，发展出自助旅游文化，其次作为旅游电子中介商，它的目标市场是学历高和互联网使用率高的年轻人，核心产品以背包客、非标准化团队旅行、观光和特种旅游产品为主。梳理了旅游网络论坛的国内发展状况，最后论述其对于旅行社行业和目的地可能产生的重大影响。     

产权视角下城市社区居委会发展路径研究

我国城市格局逐渐由以单位为基本元素的体制向以社区为基本元素的体制变革，居委会是社区各项事务的管理与服务组织者，产权关系界定不清使居委会成为政府、民众乃至市场竞相逐利的“公共领域”，是导致社区工作效率低下的根本原因。为了明晰居委会的产权界定，实现社区资源的优化配置，市场化道路或者行政化道路应当是两条理想的改革路径。     

Groups Formation and Operations in the Web 2.0 Environment and Social Networks

The Internet and the Web are evolving to a platform for collaboration, sharing, innovation and user-created content—the so-called Web 2.0 environment. This environment includes social and business networks, and it is influencing what people do on the Web and intranets, individually and in groups. This paper describes the Web 2.0 environment, its tools, applications, characteristics. It also describes various types of online groups, especially social networks, and how they operate in the Web 2.0 environment. Of special interest is the way organization members communicate and collaborate mainly via wikis and blogs. In addition, the paper includes a proposed triad relational model (Technology–People–Community) of social/work life on the Internet. Particularly, social/work groups are becoming sustainable because of the incentives for participants to connect and network with other users. A discussion of group dynamics that is based on the human needs for trust, support, and sharing, regardless if the setting is a physical or virtual one, follows. Finally, future research directions are outlined.