A short-run Johansen industry model for common-pool resources: planning a fishery's industrial capacity to curb overfishing

Current methods for assessing capacity and its utilisation infisheries operate at the firm-level, but neglect industry capacity.Here, we introduce the Johansen-Färe measure of plant capacityof the firm into a multi-output, frontier-based version of theshort-run Johansen industry model. The model determines firmcapacity utilisation such that current industry outputs aremaintained, while minimising the use of fixed inputs at industrylevel and assuming abundant variable inputs. Policy extensionsrelevant to combating overfishing include tightening quotas,seasonal closures, linking economic and plant capacity, decommissioningschemes and area closures, implementation issues and equityconsiderations. The application to the Danish fisheries revealssubstantial overcapacity in the Danish fleet.     

小额信贷业务的偏差与规范

小额信贷在当前遭遇了发展困境，贷款余额逐年下降，究其原因在于小额信贷发展过程中出现了嫌贫爱富、期限偏短、扭曲运行这三大偏差，为保证小额信贷的健康发展，亟需还原小额信贷的本来特性，对运作细节进行调整，摆正政府的位置。     

New Plant Variety Protection in Chinese Agriculture

New plant variety prevention is an important composition of strategy in China IPR and agriculture advantage, also the engine for promoting agriculture innovation, as for the challenge and the opportunity of accessing to WTO, efficiently using TBT to protect China new plant variety, and advantage S＆T innovation independently. China joined UPOV in 1994, and promulgates the protection statue of new plant variety. This paper analyzed the actuality and existing problems of new plant variety prevention in China agriculture, and the countermeasures to promote the development of new plant variety protection are brought forward.     

江苏沿海滩涂围垦生态重构关键技术及示范

在对现有沿海滩涂植物资源调查分析和耐盐植物新品种选育基础上,提出江苏沿海典型滩涂围垦区域生态重构关键技术,包括堤外原生湿地加速滩涂淤积关键技术、垦区海堤生态重构关键技术以及垦区堤内湿地生态建设等关键技术,并对其进行集成示范,为江苏沿海滩涂围垦与开发利用提供技术支撑。     

石林彝族传统药用植物资源及其保护利用

通过野外调查、走村串户,访彝医问彝民、标本采集和鉴定、结合资料收集进行研究。结果发现石林重要的彝族传统药用植物资源有91科176属196种(含变种),生活型特征以草本为主,有109种占55.9%,其余87种占44.1%;药用种子植物区系中,种/属比例为1.12,远远低于我国植物区系的8.5,种/科比例为2.21,科多种少,反映了该植物区系具有一定程度的古老性。     

北方园林彩叶植物抗寒性研究进展

低温是制约北方园林彩叶树种发展的重要因素。本文概略介绍了植物受冻害的机理、植物抗寒育种、生理生化指标在植物抗寒性研究中的作用、植物生长调节剂对植物抗寒的影响、彩叶植物抗寒生理等研究进展;提出了植物抗寒性研究的问题及对未来工作的展望。     

美丽的宿根花卉-鸢尾科植物

介绍了鸢尾科植物的种群分布,各个品种的生长特征,观赏特性以及它们在园林绿化、水土保持中的应用。     

大兴安岭野生缬草的人工栽植技术

在对大兴安岭地区野生缬草资源全面调查的基础上,对北缬草(Valeriana fauriei)和黑水缬草(Valeriana anmmnsis)进行了人工栽培试验研究;阐述了从采种、种子处理、育苗及栽植管理等各环节的关键技术。     

Feeding management of dairy cattle affect grassland dynamics in an alpine pasture

The effect of different supplementary feeding rates for grazing cattle on high-altitude pastures dynamics was evaluated. A field experiment was carried out during three years in a subalpine pasture area of the Eastern Alps. The investigated pasture area was 40?ha, located between 1820 and 2230?m?a.s.l. Two paddocks were chosen in the experiment and two herds of 12 cattle each were kept in the two enclosures for 5 weeks. For the first herd (HS), the supplementary feeding rate was 4.8?kg?OM?head^?1 per day, while for the second herd (LS), the rate was 1.6?kg?OM?head^?1 per day. The amount of herbage consumed by each cattle was determined using the n-alkane technique. To monitor the pasture vegetation dynamics, eight metal exclusion cages were placed in each paddock to determine herbage growth, utilization rates, vegetation composition and animal grazing selectivity. Grazing behaviour of dairy cattle, in terms of herbage intake and species selection was affected by the different feeding rates. Cattle grazing Paddock HS consumed 1.9?kg?OM?day^?1 of herbage less than Paddock LS. In the LS paddock, cattle grazed higher phytomass rates. When the animals were fed by higher concentrate rates, a more selective grazing seemed to significantly increase the pasture necromass component. The lower grazing selectivity favoured the development of species as Nardus stricta and Deschampsia caespitosa, which are well known for their low palatability. Distinct vegetation dynamic patterns were observed, with a reduction of hair grass and an increase of legumes in the Paddock LS.     

Is it still economic to build a new coal-fired power plant in the U.S.? A real option analysis

In the U.S., virtually no new coal-fired power plants have been built in recent years. Both industry experts and academics seem to believe that no rational firm will build a new coal-fired plant. Will such a trend continue in the future? To provide insights into this question, we investigate the optimal decision of an electricity company with an irreversible and deferrable opportunity to build either a new coal-fired or natural gas-fired power plant as its new base-load resource. According to our real option analysis, the optimal decision depends on the location. In the case of the eastern U.S., it is optimal to choose a natural gas plant if a firm is given a choice among a new natural gas plant, a new coal plant and deferring the investment. However, contrary to the common sentiment in the industry and academia, building a new coal plant in the western U.S. is still more economical than building a new natural gas plant in the absence of emission pricing. Furthermore, introducing carbon pricing to western U.S. states, as California did, can substantially increase the probability that a firm will optimally choose a natural gas plant over a coal plant.