我国建筑业全生命周期价值链的应用研究

长期以来,我国建筑业缺乏对全生命周期价值链管理的整体关注,价值链中各个环节相互脱节,没有共同的价值目标,导致了成本较高的现状。本文旨在通过对建筑业全生命周期价值链的分析,拓展我国建筑业成本管理的关注面。并通过工程总承包模式对现有价值链进行优化,把勘察、设计、施工归集在同一个主体下管理,提高用户对建筑产品的满意度,降低产品成本。     

我国现行粮食价格政策面临的问题与对策研究

我国现行粮食价格政策面临许多问题,应借鉴主要发达国家与地区对粮食价格干预政策的经验,完善粮食最低收购价格与种粮直接补贴政策,增加种粮农民收入,推进粮食产区新农村建设。     

Cost Uncertainty and Unilateral Abatement

Unilateral abatement is sometimes advocated in order to set a good example that will make other countries follow. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether existence of correlated cost uncertainty provides an incentive for a country to undertake unilateral abatement. The theoretical model is driven by two main mechanisms; first, a learning effect, as the follower country might reduce its risk premium as it can observe the cost level in the leader country. Second, there is the public good effect, i.e., the marginal benefit of abatement declines when abatement is a public good and other countries contribute to pollution reductions. Results shows that unilateral abatement would be efficient in reducing uncertainty about the unit costs of abatement if a country with low cost uncertainty would undertake abatement first, while a country with initially high cost uncertainty would follow. However, countries may prefer to act simultaneously because of the larger uncertainties that are inherent in a sequential game.      

中外建筑企业项目成本控制比较研究——兼谈建筑企业项目成本控制体系和公司财务的整合

随着建筑市场的日趋成熟,建筑施工企业在建筑项目上的竞争愈加激烈,项目的利润空间越来越小.这就要求各施工企业加强自身的成本控制,降低成本,向管理要效益,争取利润的最大化.本文拟分析和比较中外建筑企业在项目成本控制方面存在的差异,以期能改进我国建筑企业的项目成本控制体系,使其更具竞争力.     

A landscape approach for assessing the biodiversity value of indigenous forest remnants: Case study of the Manawatu/Wanganui region of New Zealand

To halt the decline of biodiversity in New Zealand, the government has formulated a strategy of maintaining and restoring a full range of remaining natural habitats to a healthy functioning state. Many indigenous forest remnants exist on private land, and these could be utilised to increase biodiversity. Resources for conservation of forest remnants are limited, so they must be used wisely to deliver the greatest possible biodiversity gain. This paper presents a rapid method for valuing the biodiversity of a region's indigenous forest remnants to help prioritise conservation resources. The region is divided into environmentally distinct areas called land environments. A detailed land-cover map is derived from satellite imagery and used to estimate the proportion of natural habitats remaining in each land environment; from this the biodiversity value of any forest remnant may be calculated. The method is rapid and does not require detailed biodiversity information. When combined with conservation costs, it may be used to create a priority list of forest remnants for conservation. The Manawatu/Wanganui region of New Zealand is used as a case study to demonstrate the method.     

A cost analysis of SIR-Spheres yttrium-90 resin microspheres versus tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma in France,Italy, Spain and the UK

Abstract

Background and aims: A wide range of treatment options are available for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including systemic treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib and lenvatinib, immunotherapies, locoregional therapies such as selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) and treatments with curative intent such as resection, radiofrequency ablation and liver transplantation. Given the substantial economic burden associated with HCC treatment, the aim of the present analysis was to establish the cost of using SIRT with SIR-Spheres yttrium-90 (Y-90) resin microspheres versus TKIs from healthcare payer perspectives in France, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: A cost model was developed to capture the costs of initial systemic treatment with sorafenib (95%) or lenvatinib (5%) versus SIRT in patients with HCC in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages B and C. A nested Markov model was utilized to model transitions between progression-free survival (PFS), progression and death, in addition to transitions between subsequent treatment lines. Cost and resource use data were identified from published sources in each of the four countries.

Results: Relative to TKIs, SIRT with SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres were found to be cost saving in all four country settings, with the additional costs of the microspheres and the SIRT procedure being more than offset by reductions in drug and drug administration costs, and treatment of adverse events. Across the four country settings, total cost savings with SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres fell within the range 5.4–24.9% and SIRT resulted in more patients ultimately receiving treatments with curative intent (4.6 vs. 1.4% of eligible patients).

Conclusion: SIR-Spheres Y-90 resin microspheres resulted in cost savings relative to TKIs in the treatment of unresectable HCC in all four country settings, while increasing the proportion of patients who become eligible for treatments with curative intent.     

基于研发成本考虑的市场结构优化解析

研发直接带来厂商成本的变化，进而由于技术复杂度的不断提高及研发带来的规模经济，会导致多数产业市场集中度逐渐提高。在专利保护与许可证制度下，当研发导致的沉没成本比较小时，会因其研发速度更快而使厂商数量较多的竞争性市场的福利好于寡占或垄断市场。合作创新与国内竞争可以优化市场结构，提升我国企业研发能力，应对经济全球化的挑战。     

商业银行次级债券定价模型

本文阐述了当前次级债券的定价模型,并以B-S期权定价模型为基础,根据次级债券的特性量身定做了一类定价模型,对未引入破产成本及引入破产成本两类模型进行了详细阐述,并结合我国工商银行2005年第1期次级债券的发行情况,就前一种模型的实际应用进行了实证研究。结果表明:当前发行的次级债券存在一定程度的高估,即票面利率没有充分反映次级债券实际存在的风险,债券存在一定的隐含担保。     

海峡西岸经济区建设中的经济增长因素分析

建设对外开放、协调发展、全面繁荣的海峡西岸经济区是理论界目前讨论的一个热点问题.本文从分析新古典增长理论、新增长理论及制度变迁理论等有关经济增长的经典理论出发,分析了经济增长综合因素对我省经济建设的贡献率,由此得出未来海峡西岸经济区建设中的经济增长因素只能以技术进步和制度创新为主这一结论,并提出实现经济持续、稳定、协调发展的现实路径选择.     

战略成本会计在制造业中的应用研究

现代企业由于电子技术的运用形成了新的制造环境,企业必须有与之相适应的现代管理技术.传统的成本会计未能根据企业内外部环境的变化和企业所采取的竞争战略制定相应的成本会计模式,为了适应这种竞争的需要,战略成本会计应运而生.战略成本会计突破了传统成本会计把成本局限在微观层面上的研究,而把重点转向企业整体战略这一更为广阔的领域,从而有利于企业正确地进行成本预测、决策,正确地选择经营战略,提高企业整体经济效益.