国民经济用水效率关键性指标分析及应用

总结基于投入产出模型的国民经济用水效率的关键性指标,并对这些指标的合理性进行讨论,认为水资源管理投入产出模型中用于描述国民经济用水效率的用水直接产出系数和用水完全产出系数并不合理。同时根据直接用水系数、完全用水系数、水的乘数和虚拟水资源输入输出量4个指标对2007年江苏省各产业部门进行聚类分析,并对2007年江苏省用水效率情况进行分析。结果表明:产业部门水的乘数作用很大程度上决定了产业部门虚拟水战略中的作用和地位。在制定长期的发展规时,不仅应权衡直接用水,也要考虑间接用水的影响,才能使区域经济发展和水资源开发利用保持平衡。     

中国水利工程总承包交易模式创新与关键科学问题

我国工程界和理论界常将工程总承包与固定总价合同及其简单的治理结构相关联,制约了工程总承包在政府投资、"现场数据"不确定性较大的水利建设项目上的推广应用。分析了工程总承包的本质内涵,指出工程总承包的最大优势在于将工程设计和施工整合发包给一个承包商,为承包商优化工程提供动力、平台和空间,进而使项目增值;水利建设项目实行工程总承包应创新相应交易模式,以适应水利工程特殊性,发挥水利工程总承包的增值优势。分析了工程总承包在国内外推行应用状况,凝练了我国水利工程总承包模式创新的关键科学问题,主要包括:水利工程总承包项目识别、水利工程总承包范围设计、水利工程总承包项目交易增值分配以及"业主"和合同两个层面的治理体系优化。     

省级自然科学基金项目绩效评价——以2007—2009年度湖南省杰出青年基金和重点项目为例

地方自然基金项目作为科技计划的重要组成部分，在开展具有地方特色的自然科学基础研究和应用研究方面发挥着重要作用。通过设计科技计划项目的绩效评价方法，对2007—2009年度湖南省自然科学基金的杰出青年基金项目和重点项目进行绩效评价，并提出了若干政策建议。     

运营高铁无砟轨道桥梁顶升平移纠偏技术研究——以京沪高铁秦淮河特大桥桥梁偏移整治工程为例

高速铁路开通运营后，受周边环境变化及人类工程活动等因素影响，部分高铁桥梁地段出现了超出扣件系统可调范围的横向偏移，严重影响了线路平顺性及列车安全运行。在分析已有纠偏技术基础上，基于摩擦阻荷原理，通过利用竖向千斤顶摩擦力平衡水平千斤顶顶推反力，建立无砟轨道桥梁顶升平移纠偏模型及联动装置，提出一种无须单独布设反力装置的新型纠偏技术，并在实际工程中得到成功应用。实测数据表明：天窗点施工期间导致的轨道结构次生应力及层间相对位移远小于日间列车运行及温度变化对轨道结构的影响；通过顶升平移纠偏后，桥梁及轨道结构状态稳定，线路线形调整量在2 mm范围内，采用普通扣件调整即可满足设计精度要求。研究成果可为类似工程的纠偏施工提供借鉴和参考。     

CEO performance-based grants’ vesting provisions and debt contracts: Evidence from GAAP,Non-GAAP and KPI metrics

We examine the influence of CEOs’ equity and cash grants’ vesting provisions that are based on (i) accounting performance metrics prepared under US generally accepted principles (GAAP), (ii) non-GAAP performance metrics and (iii) key performance indicators (KPIs) on debt contracts. We find that grants with vesting provisions based on GAAP metrics and KPIs lead to a lower cost of debt, a lower likelihood of collateral requirements and less restrictive covenant terms. In contrast, performance-based grants with non-GAAP vesting provisions lead to a higher cost of debt, a higher likelihood of collateral requirements and more restrictive covenant terms. Supplementary analyses reveal that our results are incremental to other debtholder-friendly features in the CEO contracts, such as grants with debt-related performance measures and CEOs’ inside debt holdings, and robust to alternative variable definitions and specifications. Overall, our results suggest that debtholders understand the differing incentives associated with GAAP, non-GAAP and KPI-based performance measures, and incorporate these differences into debt contracts.     

地铁减振垫道岔施工技术

减振垫道岔为地铁轨道常见的设计类型,在诸多城市已开始实施。在地铁营运过程中,电客车运行时会产生较大的振动及噪音,为减少噪音对地铁周边居民的影响,线路中多采用浮置板道床进行降噪处理,而在个别道岔区域,因受道岔岔心位置固有“有害空间”影响,电客车通行时产生振动、噪音的情况将会加剧。为使现场管理规范、有序可控,更好的达到降噪效果,中铁十二局在施工徐州地铁2号线中结合实际,在施工过程中摸索、总结出新颖的关键技术及质量控制方法。     

Responses of FDI to geopolitical risks: The role of governance,information, and technology

We show that rising geopolitical risk and geopolitical uncertainty (GPR) deter foreign direct investment (FDI). We further explore the role of governance, information, and technology in shaping the responses of FDI to GPR and document three main findings. First, effective governance in the destination market safeguards FDI against GPR. Second, multinational corporations with better information gained from closer geographic, cultural, and commercial ties choose to delay FDI in response to rising GPR instead of managing it. Third, FDI in more R&D-intensive industries is more resilient to GPR because intangible technology can more easily be transferred across borders.     

关键核心技术竞争态势感知模型——以人工智能算力芯片为例

科技博弈背景下,关键核心技术竞争态势进行感知成为研判技术格局的重要方法。建立态势觉察、态势理解及态势投射三维模型,结合社会网络分析法,基于专利数据库对人工智能芯片竞争态势及网络特征进行深度挖掘,构建态势感知集成分析框架。研究发现,专利数量与关键专利节点美国优势较大,在资源整合、协同研发与控制垄断上中国具有相对优势,但存在技术风险与堵点。建议交叉融合构建开源平台,发挥需求侧牵引作用,加快构建更加包容审慎的国内监管体系。     

地铁综合监控系统关键技术的应用分析

随着我国社会经济水平的提升,人们的生活节奏开始变得越来越快,这就使得现代生活的交通拥挤现象成为了必然。地铁是一类较为快捷且安全性极强的交通运输式,所以其深受人们的喜爱以及认可。当前,我国地铁路线正在迅速的扩展,这种综合监控系统是基础公共设施构建及完善的重要基石。对此,本文主要就地铁综合监控系统关键技术的应用进行探究,分析地铁综合系统的构成,发挥出地铁综合监控系统的功能。     

Global Value Chains in the Era of Digital Economy: Trends,Risks and Countermeasures

The new technological revolution has not only created the digital economy, but has also accelerated the digital transformation of global value chains (GVCs). Digital technologies have reshaped the specialization within global value chains by reducing costs, enabling industrial chains and increasing added value in exports. However, GVCs also face salient risks in the digital economy era, as reflected in their spatial layouts. The enabling effect of digital technologies has led to the shortening and reshoring of global value chains. In value chain governance, dominant countries have imposed technological embargoes on ascendant countries, depriving them of key technologies. In the distribution of value, the imbalances in the specialization within GVCs and digital divides have aggravated global economic inequities. Given the new characteristics and risks of GVCs in the era of the digital economy, as well as the “dual circulation” development paradigm, China’s industrial chains and firms moving up the GVCs need to regard data, the fifth type of production factor, as a key to the enabling effect of the digital economy on industries. These measures will advance the digital transformation of traditional industries and the development of the digital industry, as well as allow industrial chains and innovation chains to work in tandem to facilitate favorable domestic circulation. At the firm level, enterprises should further develop endogenous innovation capacity to become leaders in innovation and free themselves from dependence on foreign sources for key technologies.