培育和提升高新技术企业的核心竞争力

高新技术企业作为高新技术产业的载体,其整体水平决定高新技术产业的发展状况,影响着一个地区或国家的经济发展水平.随着国际和国内市场竞争的加剧,企业如何谋求在激烈的竞争环境中,真正依靠自身实力而竞争发展,关键取决于高新技术企业是否拥有核心竞争力.     

私人参与公共环境服务供给的路径选择

由于环境服务的大部分内容具有公共物品属性,所以在我国长期以来主要由政府负责供给,对财政支出造成巨大的压力.在研究西方私人供给公共物品的理论的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,为我国私人参与公共环境服务供给提供现实的路径选择.     

认知图式关照下的习语文化可译性

图式理论是一种关于知识的认知过程理论。翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来,是一种跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。习语作为一种语言现象,积淀着最深厚的文化底蕴,承载着不同民族的文化特点和文化信息,它们与文化传统紧密相连,不可分割。通过运用认知图式理论对习语文化的可译性问题进行探讨,从而提出习语文化图式可译性主要通过A-A对应法、A-B对应法和A-zero三种方法来实现。     

内部评级法在国内商业银行实施的本土化研究

内部评级法的实施需要建立在一定的前提基础之上,中国目前的实施条件还存在一定的缺陷,因此如何在内部评级体系的构建过程中体现本土化的原则将成为有效实施的关键。中国特有的金融生态决定了地区之间的金融风险差异较大,因此在具体实施过程中,应将地区金融风险差异作为调整系数对内部评级法的评级结果进行调整。中国的商业银行尚处于内部评级法实施的准备或开始阶段,受实施条件和金融生态的限制,本土化将是一个长期的、渐进的创新过程。本土化并不仅仅是内部评级法相关标准的本地化应用,同时也要求在这一过程中有创造性地发挥内部评级法对银行风险管理的积极作用。     

商业银行分支机构绩效评价系统的设计与实证分析

本文回顾了商业银行分支机构绩效评价理论的发展和实践现状,从追踪战略实施效果和评价流程角度建立了一套完善的绩效评价系统。具体包括按照商业银行经营的安全性、流动性、盈利性和发展性要求建立了基本指标及其修正体系,并引入评议指标完善评价体系;运用Delphi法和AHP相结合的方法设置权重;借鉴分段函数取代传统直线型处理“倒U型”指标的不利做法;基于相对绩效评价思想,建立了评价标准体系和功效系数法评价模型;并以某商业银行为例进行了实证分析。最后给出了本文研究的局限性和后续研究建议,并特别就引入效率评价维度来完善绩效评价系统设计进行了比较分析。     

Relative accuracy and predictive ability of direct valuation methods, price to aggregate earnings method and a hybrid approach

In this paper, we assess the relative performance of the direct valuation method and industry multiplier models using 41 435 firm‐quarter Value Line observations over an 11 year (1990–2000) period. Results from both pricing‐error and return‐prediction analyses indicate that direct valuation yields lower percentage pricing errors and greater return prediction ability than the forward price to aggregated forecasted earnings multiplier model. However, a simple hybrid combination of these two methods leads to more accurate intrinsic value estimates, compared to either method used in isolation. It would appear that fundamental analysis could benefit from using one approach as a check on the other.     

Managers’ segment disclosure choices under IFRS 8: EU evidence

We examine the impact of proprietary and agency cost motives on segment disclosure quality and quantity and how the adoption of the principle IFRS 8 affects this impact. By using hand-collected data, our results show that proprietary and agency costs play a relevant role in determining the quality and quantity of segment disclosure. We find that proprietary costs are a particularly relevant reason for providing lower segment disclosure quality post-IFRS 8. Our results also suggest that firms’ segment disclosure choice is dependent on disclosure dimension. These results contribute to the ongoing debate regarding IFRS 8 and have valuable implications for accounting regulators.     

Genetic risk and value

A conceptual truth about risks is that they involve a possible and future adverse effect or a negative value of some kind. The genetic risks that individuals may face in the health care setting differ in some crucial respects to other kind of risks. The aims of this paper are to analyse the notion of value in the context of genetic risk in the setting of health care, and to suggest a conception of the evaluative aspect of genetic risk that is fruitful for genetic risk information. Two influential and relevant approaches to value, preferentialism and the capability approach, are discussed in the light of certain distinctive features of genetic risk and a third, a sensibility theory of value is suggested. According to this view, the concept of risk is a so-called ‘thick’ evaluative concept that has both a world-guiding function as well as an action-guiding or normative function. It is argued that this provides a more promising way to think about genetic risks in the clinical setting.     

Responsiveness of Auditors to the Audit Risk Standards: Unique Evidence from Big 4 Audit Firms

We examine the effect of changes in audit risk standards on the conduct of financial statement audits in a European setting. We investigate this by analysing the audit hours and audit fees for clients of Big 4 audit firms in Finland in 1996 and 2010. Our results show that audit firms became more sensitive to clients’ business risk due to the introduction of the new audit risk standards, with more audit hours allocated to owner-managed companies in 2010 than in 1996, and fewer audit hours allocated to low-risk clients in 2010 than in 1996. Also, the labour mix in the audit team changed for owner-managed companies, with a greater work load carried by junior auditors in 2010 than in 1996. Regarding the price of audit, we find an increase in audit fees for clients with high business risk, while audit fees remained at roughly the same level for low-risk clients. These findings should be of interest to the auditing profession and those involved in the development of auditing regulations.     

Consideration of technological and environmental heterogeneity in cost efficiency analysis

In order to evaluate and compare the efficiency levels across banking industries, we adopt the meta-frontier model that can assess the technological difference among countries. Given the importance of country specific conditions, we include in our analysis the different specificities of each country to incorporate the technological as the environmental differences in the evaluation of banking efficiencies. Using data on the banking industries of several countries in the MENA region, over the period 1991–2011, the results of the efficiency scores corrected by the technological and environmental gap led us to conclude that Egyptian banks are the most efficient in terms of cost compared with banks in other countries. Egyptian banks enjoy a very favourable banking technology. Our results support the hypothesis that traditional techniques of efficiency analysis based on the efficiency scores of a specific and pooled frontier tend to mystify efficiency levels and may incorrectly identify efficient banks. This paper contributes to the efficiency literature by incorporating technological and environmental heterogeneities in the evaluation of efficiency. This helps to characterize the production process of a bank and provides common standards by which the efficiencies of banks in different countries can be compared in a meaningful way with each other.