保护接地与保护接零应用分析

保护接地与保护接零是预防电气设备产生漏电时造成外壳带电而发生危险所采取的有效措施。当前,不少人对保护接地和保护接零在实际使用时不加区分,因此普及保护接地和保护接零知识,以实现安全用电很有必要。     

浅谈电力系统中性点运行方式

电力系统中性点运行方式涉及电力系统许多方面。针对不同的接地点运行方式进行了比较。综合考虑各种因素,对于电力力系统中性点运行方式的选择提出了推荐性意见。     

碳税减排路径与效果辨析

中国面临着温室气体减排的巨大压力,碳税辅以碳排放权交易是适合我国国情的有效减排政策工具.文章深入分析了我国实行碳税的现实条件,对碳税税制要素、税率、征税环节、税收收入的归属与使用、税收减免与补偿等相关政策配套的相互作用机制和减排效果进行了探讨,提出通过多种模型和方法的综合应用对碳税的技术路径进行设计;揭示动态条件下碳税税制要素的构成与选择;指出税率是碳税政策实施的关键环节,且存在最优的碳税减排税率;辨析中性税收实施方式下多方利益关系的协调和最优税收返还模式;分析碳税及其政策配套的减排效果、对经济活动的影响,提出适合我国实际的碳税政策实施建议.     

Retrieving the implicit risk neutral density of WTI options with a semi-nonparametric approach

This paper contributes to the literature on the estimation of the Risk Neutral Density (RND) function by proposing a log-semi-nonparametric (log-SNP) distribution as the implicit RND when the Gram-Charlier model is used for option pricing. The performance of the model is compared to the lognormal (Black Scholes) benchmark for a sample of option prices for West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil that were traded in the period between January 2016 and December 2017. Results show that the lognormal specification tends to systematically undervalue option prices and that the proposed log-SNP distribution, which explicitly adjusts for negative skewness and excess kurtosis, results in markedly improved accuracy, especially in periods of market instability. As a result, the implied skewness and excess kurtosis are relevant sources of information on market expectations that should be used for hedging and risk management purposes.     

Neutral agents and social tolerance: a dynamic perspective based on economic interaction model with local social cost functions

The influence of neutral agents on the evolutionary dynamics of social tolerance is discussed based on a recently proposed economic interaction model with local social cost functions. We show that the dynamical structure of social tolerance is completely changed even if a few neutral agents are introduced into the society. Especially, the full intolerance steady state, which is stable in previous works, becomes unstable and avoidable due to the economic incentive introduced by the neutral agents. The necessary condition of achieving full tolerance is also reduced compared to previous works without neutral agents.     

Semi‐efficient valuations and put‐call parity

We propose an approach to the valuation of payoffs in general semimartingale models of financial markets where prices are nonnegative. Each asset price can hit 0; we only exclude that this ever happens simultaneously for all assets. We start from two simple, economically motivated axioms, namely, absence of arbitrage (in the sense of NUPBR) and absence of relative arbitrage among all buy‐and‐hold strategies (called static efficiency). A valuation process for a payoff is then called semi‐efficient consistent if the financial market enlarged by that process still satisfies this combination of properties. It turns out that this approach lies in the middle between the extremes of valuing by risk‐neutral expectation and valuing by absence of arbitrage alone. We show that this always yields put‐call parity, although put and call values themselves can be nonunique, even for complete markets. We provide general formulas for put and call values in complete markets and show that these are symmetric and that both contain three terms in general. We also show that our approach recovers all the put‐call parity respecting valuation formulas in the classic theory as special cases, and we explain when and how the different terms in the put and call valuation formulas disappear or simplify. Along the way, we also define and characterize completeness for general semimartingale financial markets and connect this to the classic theory.     

Rejoinder to Rosser,O'Donnell,and Carrión Álvarez and Ehnts on their criticisms of my ergodic/nonergodic formulation of Keynes's concept of an actuarial certain future vs. an uncertain future

This article provides my responses to recent criticisms of my argument associating Keynes’s concept of uncertainty with Keynes’s explicit statement that in our world of experience applying the “probability calculus” to historic data does not produce actuarial certain knowledge of future economic outcomes. Furthermore I have tried to explain, using Keynes’ own written statements how Keynes’s General Theory differs from old classical theory, new classical theory, Samuelson’s Keynesian Theory, and New Keynesian Theory.     

35 kV高压单芯电缆的故障原因分析及解决方法

文章论述了广西柳州钢铁(集团)公司供电系统的中性点接地系统及35 kV供电线路运行过程中存在的问题,对电缆事故、感应电势产生的原因进行分析,并介绍了故障的解决方法.     

反倾销正当程序规则研究

反倾销程序性规则不仅影响到WTO成员的贸易政策的实施,而且影响着反倾销中各利害关系方的利益。为实现各成员方利益平衡,反倾销调查应遵循正当程序原则。按反倾销正当程序规则要求,各成员方的反倾销主管机关应保持中立,在反倾销调查证据收集过程中公平听证,遵循透明度原则。     

10kV供电系统进线开关零序跳闸的分析

文章分析了10kV中性点不接地系统单相接地故障的特点,给出了电容电流的计算方法。对机场高速供电系统进线开关零序跳闸原因进行了分析,并提出相应的改进方案。